Musculoskeletal System
(Cell Structure)
What are the parts of basic cell structure
Cell Membrane, Cytoplasm, Nucleus
Ball & Socket joints
is a word that means covering, and is used to describe the skin, nails, and hair. It is a diverse and complex system.
Integumentary
The nervous system has two main parts
• Central nervous system (CNS): This includes the brain and spinal cord
• Peripheral nervous system (PNS): This includes all the nerves that lead to and from the brain or spinal cord. There are 12 pairs of cranial nerves and 31 pairs of spinal nerves
made up of many nerve cells and is the most complex part of the nervous system. It is protected by the skull and by membranes that serve as a channel for the cerebrospinal fluid to circulate through.
this is the framework of the body. The adult human skeleton is made up of 206 bones.
Allow movement in one direction only (e.g., elbow or knee joint)
Hinge Joints
body’s largest organ
skin
controls every activity and sensation of your body, as well as your thoughts, emotions and memories.
Nervous System
The frontal lobe is at the top and front of the brain on either side of the head. This is where the most difficult thinking takes place. The frontal lobe also regulates emotions, behaviours, personality, and motor speech (the movements of our mouth and tongue for us to talk).
Frontal Lobe
tough bands of tissue that join bones to other bones to strengthen joints.
Ligaments
Allow turning from side to side. The skull is connected to the spine by a pivot jointO
Pivot Joints
covers our entire body except the palms of our hands and the soles of our feet. ____ serves as a protective function
Hair
basic cells of the nervous system
Neurons
The temporal lobe is behind the temple and in front of the ear on each side of the brain. Complex processes of memory, judgement, learning and hearing takes place here. Speaking, as well as deciding what spoken words mean, occurs in the temporal lobes
Temporal Lobe
Joints
protect the ends of our fingers and toes
nails
Parts of neuron
Dentrite, Axon, Nucleus
The parietal lobe is located above and behind the ear on either side of the brain. The left parietal lobe helps to use words correctly while the right parietal lobe helps to understand where the body is in time and space (spatial information–where we are and where other objects are in our environment).
Parietal Lobe
Collagen that gives bones flexibility
Minerals that gives bones hardness & durabilityFunctions of the skin
Protection
• Prevents the cells from losing fluid. All body cells are surrounded by fluid. Without the skin, fluid would seep out. Excessive fluid loss by evaporation would occur. The body would become dehydrated very quickly.
• Protects the body against foreign substances such as bacteria and viruses.
• The tough cells of the epidermis help to prevent damage from chemicals and UV radiation.
• Prevents mechanical injury–protects internal organs from abrasion or injury.
• Sweat glands secrete a substance that deters the growth of most organisms on the skin surface.
2. Regulates Body Temperature
• Our brain acts as the thermostat for our bodies. Its job is to keep the body temperature at 37C. If the temperature goes too high the thermostat signals the skin to perspire, thus reducing the internal heat by evaporation of warm perspiration on the skin. Excessive body heat is very harmful to nerve cells and can cause serious damage to the nervous system.
• Blood vessels in the skin have the ability to constrict or dilate. When we are cold, the blood vessels in the skin constrict or get smaller. Constricting blood vessels restrict the amount of heat lost. When we are too warm, the blood vessels dilate or get bigger. This helps to release excess heat.
3. Excretion
• Some waste products as well as excess water are released as perspiration through the sweat glands.
4. Sensation
• Our skin contains nerve endings which allow us to experience a variety of sensations. These include touch, pressure, heat, cold, and pain.
A stimulation generates a tiny electrical impulse.
• The ______ pick up the electrical impulse and carry it to the cell body.
• The ____ carries the impulse away from the cell body and on to other neurons.
• The ____ of one neuron and the dendrites of the next do not actually touch each other. There is a small gap called the synaptic cleft that messages must pass over and continue to the next neuron.
• The electrical impulse triggers the release of chemicals called _______.
• These _______ are released into the synaptic cleft and help the message cross the small gap.
Dendrite
Axons
Axons
neurotransmitters
neurotransmitters
The occipital lobe is located at the back of the brain; visual processing is its primary function
Occipital Lobe