Heuristics and Biases
Look only for evidence that aligns with your opinions and assumptions.
What is confirmation bias?
The way words are organized into sentences.
What is a syntax?
The process of transferring short-term memory to long-term memory.
What is memory consolidation?
Attitudes toward people or groups.
What are social attitudes?
Behavior determined by internal factors (attributes like traits and temperament).
What is dispositionism?
A set way of approaching a problem.
What is a mental set?
The mental activities associated with acquiring, retaining, and using knowledge, often directed toward a goal, purpose, or conclusion
What is cognition?
The processes by which information is transformed into a memory representation.
What is encoding?
This occurs when information and beliefs, behavior and beliefs, or two beliefs, are in conflict.
What is cognitive disonance?
Over-reliance on dispositional factors in explaining others' behavior
What is fundamental attribution error?
Judge likelihood of an event based on whether it represents how you think of the event
What is the representativeness bias?
It is slow, conscious, effortful, reliable and is used for making complex decisions.
What are the features of systematic thinking/processing?
When source of memory is confused.
What is source misattribution?
The tendency of people to increase their liking for something they have worked hard for or suffered to attain.
What is justification of effort?
Failures are given a situational attribution and successes are given a dispositional attribution.
What is self-serving bias?
Tendency to focus on one piece of information when making a decision or solving a problem
The most typical instance or best example of a particular concept.
What is a prototype?
Conscious, intentional recollection of an event or item of information
What is explicit memory?
When we need to justify the choice we made, or to justify behavior that conflicts with our view of ourselves, or to justify our effort, especially when we work very hard.
Under what conditions do we reduce cognitive dissonance?
Adjusting your opinions, judgment, or behavior so that it matches that of other people, or the norms of a social group or situation
What is conformity?
Our frequency judgments are influenced by what easily comes to mind.
What is availability heuristic?
The ability to identify and regulate your own and others' emotions.
What is emotional intelligence?
Your existing knowledge interferes with your memory for new information.
What is proactive interference?
Expectations from stereotype leading to a treatment of a person according to our expectations which influences the person to act according to expectations which further confirms our stereotypic beliefs.
What is self-fulfilling prophecy?
Social rules and roles, gradual escalation, fear of consequences, respect for authority, don’t take responsibility, dehumanization.
What factors drive obedience?