Energy
What are the 2 conversion factors for calorie to Joule?
(1 cal= 4.184 J)
4.184 J/ 1 cal
1cal/4.184 J
What is specific heat?
The amount of heat (q) that raises the temperature of exactly 1g of a substance by exactly 1 degree C.
What is the electron configuration for oxygen (O), which has an atomic number of 8? (Hint: You can do this without a periodic table!)
1s22s22p4
How were you able to do this without a periodic table?
What is the smallest element? The largest?
Helium (He)
Francium (Fr)
A flower arrangement has 4 red roses, 6 pink carnations, and 10 white daisies in it. What percent of the flowers in the arrangement are NOT pink carnations?
70%
What is kinetic and potential energy?
Kinetic- energy of motion (i.e. working out)
Potential- based on the position of an object or by chemical composition of a substance (i.e. ball at the top of a hill)
If a substance has a higher specific heat, what does that mean?
High specific heat = more heat needed for a temperature change
(low specific heat = less heat needed for a temperature change)
How many unpaired electrons are present in the ground state of a carbon (C) atom, and in which orbitals are they located? (Carbon has atomic number 6)
Electron configuration: 1s22s22p2
Carbon has 2 unpaired electrons in the 2p orbitals
What is metallic character and the trend of metallic character on the periodic table?
An element with metallic character is one that loses valence electrons easily.
Decreases: As you move from left to right across a period
Increases: As you move down a group
Which one of the following statements about subatomic particles is false and why?
A) Neutrons and protons are found in the nucleus of an atom.
B) An atom with neutral charge has equal numbers of protons and electrons.
C) Electrons contribute very little to the mass of an atom.
D) Electrons are attracted by protons.
E) A proton has double the mass of a neutron.
E) A proton has double the mass of a neutron.
Protons and neutrons have the same mass (1 amu)
What are the most commonly used energy units?
joule (J) or kilojoules (kJ)
calories (cal) or kilocalories (kcal)
The caloric or energy value for 1g of a food is given in ________ or _________.
kilojoules (kJ), kilocalories (kcal)
Draw the orbital diagram for nitrogen (N) (atomic number 7).
↑↓ ↑↓ ↑↑↑
1s22s22p3
Which element is in Period 5 and Group 4A(14)?
Tin (Sn)
Which of the following elements is correctly labeled as a metal, metalloid, or nonmetal? (Choose all that apply)
A) Tellurium (Te) is a metalloid.
B) Stronium (Sr) is a metal.
C) Magnesium (Mg) is a nonmetal.
D) Bromine (Br) is a nonmetal.
E) Selenium (Se) is a metal.
A,B,D
The _________ the particles move, the greater or lesser the heat or thermal energy of a substance.
faster/slower
How much energy, in kilocalories, would be provided by a serving of food containing 15 grams of protein, 12 grams of fat, and 30 grams of carbohydrates? (Carbohydrates: 4 kcal/g, Fat: 9 kcal/g, and Protein: 4 kcal/g)
288 kcal
Explain what is different about chromium (Cr) and copper (Cu) when writing electron configurations. Why?
Chromium: [Ar]4s13d4
Copper: [Ar]4s13d10
Both of these elements deviate from the expected configuration due to the stability associated with fully or half-filled 3d subshells.
Which of the following correctly lists the elements in order of decreasing atomic size (i.e., largest to smallest size from left to right)?
A) Na > Mg > Si > P > Ar
B) Ar > P > Si > Mg > Na
C) Mg > Na > P > Si > Ar
D) Si > P > Ar > Na > Mg
E) Ar > Si > P > Na > Mg
A) Na > Mg > Si > P > Ar
What is the chemical symbol for the isotope of an element with 15 neutrons, 17 electrons, and 17 protons?
3217Cl
A sample of water absorbs 500 calories of heat. How much energy, in joules, does the water absorb?
(1 cal= 4.184 J)
2092 J
What is the heat equation and what do the variables mean?
q=mc△T
q= (measured in joules or calories) total amount of heat absorbed or released
m= (measured in grams) mass of substance
c= specific heat capacity (measured in J/g°C or cal/g°C) – This is the amount of heat needed to raise the temperature of 1 gram of the substance by 1°C)
△T= Change in temperature (measured in °C) – This is the difference between the final temperature and the initial temperature of the substance. It is calculated as:
△T=△TFinal-△TInital
Consider the element with the electron configuration: [Kr]5s24d105p5
Determine the following:
1. Atomic number: 53
2. Element: Iodine (I), Period 5, Group 17
3. Number of unpaired electrons: 1
Which of the following correctly lists the elements in order of decreasing ionization energy (i.e. highest to lowest ionization energy from left to right)?
A) Br > Se > Ga > Kr > Ge
B) Kr > Br > Se > Ge > Ga
C) Kr > Se > Br > Ga > Ge
D) Ga > Ge > Se > Br > Kr
E) Ga > Br > Ge > Kr > Se
B) Kr > Br > Se > Ge > Ga
For the following mathematical equation, what is the value of k?
(2k/3)=(k/3)-3
k=-9