Cancer Biology
This cellular dysfunction involves uncontrolled cell growth and division.
What is defective cell proliferation?
These tumors are encapsulated, localized, and rarely metastatic.
What are benign tumors?
The gold standard diagnostic test for cancer.
What is a biopsy?
Central lines like ports and PICCs are often used to administer this systemic cancer treatment.
What is chemotherapy?
This emergency is caused by rapid destruction of tumor cells after chemotherapy.
What is Tumor Lysis Syndrome (TLS)?
This dysfunction occurs when immature cells fail to specialize.
What is defective cell differentiation?
These tumors are poorly differentiated, invasive, and metastatic.
What are malignant tumors?
This scan identifies hypermetabolic cancer spread.
What is a PET scan?
Staff must follow ALARA principles when this type of therapy is used.
What is radiation therapy?
TLS causes increased levels of uric acid and phosphate, and decreased levels of this electrolyte.
What is calcium
The irreversible first step of cancer development where DNA is mutated.
What is initiation?
Grade I tumors have this level of differentiation.
What is well-differentiated?
The acronym CAUTION helps nurses recognize these.
What are warning signs of cancer?
Anthracycline chemotherapy can cause toxicity in this organ.
What is the heart?
Intense back pain, motor weakness, and bowel/bladder changes suggest this emergency.
What is spinal cord compression?
This stage of cancer development is reversible and involves proliferation of mutated cells.
What is promotion?
Clinical stage associated with cancer "in situ."
What is Stage 0?
After a biopsy, these three complications must be monitored.
What are bleeding, infection, and pain?
These drugs require close monitoring because they can cause extravasation.
What are vesicants?
SIADH, hypercalcemia, DIC, and septic shock are examples of these types of emergencies.
What are metabolic oncologic emergencies?
The stage of cancer associated with rapid tumor growth, invasion, and metastasis.
What is progression?
In the TNM system, the “N” represents this.
What is lymph node involvement?
“A lesion that does not heal” corresponds to this letter in CAUTION.
What is A?
External beam and brachytherapy fall under this cancer treatment category.
What is radiation therapy?
The primary treatment for TLS includes IV hydration and this medication.
What is allopurinol?