Plate Tectonics
What is in Earth's Interior?
Inner Core, Outer Core, Mantle, Crust (Oceanic and Continental)
What are three main types of stress in Earthquake?
compression (pushing together), tension (pulling apart), and shear (sliding past)
What is soil horizons?
There are different types of soil, each with its own set of characteristics. Dig down deep into any soil, and you’ll see that it is made of layers, or horizons (O, A, E, B, C, R).
zone of accumulation
area in which snowfall accumulates and exceeds the amount of ice or snow that is lost
Traction or surface creep
sand exhibits a rolling motion
What is “layer cake” model?
It provides for two layers of convection. The top layer represents dynamic convection that occurs in the upper mantle to a depth of about 1,000 kilometers (~410 miles). The bottom layer represents less defined convection cells that move slowly from the lower mantle to the upper mantle.
Plate tectonics and Earthquake shares the stress types of stress, but what is the difference between them?
Plate tectonic boundaries represent very large blocks of rock whereas faults are relatively small-scale.
Why tropical environment have developed soil horizons?
The increased rates of weathering
Two main types of glaciers
Continental glaciers, also known as ice sheets and Alpine glaciers, also known as valley glaciers/mountain glacier.
Suspension
Once airborne, sand grains travel downwind and then drop back to the surface several centimeters from their point of origin.
What is plate tectonic boundaries?
The edges where different tectonic plates meet.
What is Liquefaction?
Sediments at or near the surface behave like a liquid due to the shaking caused by an earthquake.
What is the soil name for a soil that has 30% silt, 35% sand, and 35% clay?
Clay loam
The mass balance is positive
The mass of snow accumulated on a glacier exceeds the mass of snow and ice lost during summer months.
Saltation
When a settling sand grain impacts the surface, it sends another grain of sand into the air to travel in the downwind direction.
What are the three types of boundaries?
Convergent, caused by compressional stress (Push). Divergent, caused by tensional stress (Pull). Transform, caused by shear stress (Slide).
What places do liquefaction occur?
Places with artificial fill. Natural locations such as marshlands, alluvial (river-deposited sediments) floodplains, beaches, and areas with high water tables.
Please make sure you can use Soil Texture Triangle.
Tutorial is here: youtube.com/watch?v=ZaEXsY6bw-8&feature=youtu.be
How many years does glacial ice take to form?
More than 100 years
Erosional Coastline
Wearing away of land by the sea, so there are numerous rocky exposures and vertical sea cliffs.
What is Hotspots? What is created by Hotspots?
An area in the lithospheric plate where molten magma breaks through and creates a volcanic center. A chain of volcanoes.
Which region has the highest likelihood of a 8.0 magnitude or greater earthquake?
Los Angeles Region, San Francisco Region, Southern California Region
What is silt?
The size of mineral materials: silt (0.05 to 0.002 millimeters)
What countries was almost entirely covered by ice during the last ice age?
Canada, the countries of Scandinavia (Norway, Sweden, Finland) (https://www.visualcapitalist.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/CP_LastIce-Age_ClickOut.html)
Depositional Coastline
Abundant sediment supply from large rivers creates extensive beaches, barrier islands, and expansive coastal wetlands and mudflats.