Roman Republic
What was the top position in the Roman Republic?
Consul
Who founded the Persian Empire and conquered the Median Empire in 550 BC?
Cyrus the Great
Which peninsula was home to many Greek city-states including Sparta?
Peloponnese
Who was Aristotle's most famous student who later became a great military leader?
Alexander the Great
Which social class made up most of the population?
Plebeians
Why were there always two consuls elected?
To prevent one person from having too much power
Who led the Greek forces at the Battle of Salamis in 480 BC?
Themistocles
How did Athens protect itself during the first Peloponnesian War while Sparta had a stronger land army?
By building Long Walls to the port
What is the name of Plato's most famous work, where he discusses justice and the idea of the "philosopher-king"?
The Republic
How far did the Persian Empire's borders stretch from east to west?
3000 miles.
What important document protected basic rights for all citizens?
Law of the Twelve Tables
When was the Peace of Callias signed to end the Persian Wars?
449 BC
What happened to Athens after Sparta won the war in 404 BC?
The city had to tear down its walls
How was Aristotle's approach to studying the world different from other Greek philosophers?
He made detailed observations, took notes, and even dissected animals
The senate could choose a ______ to lead Rome in an emergency.
Dictator
Julius Caesar belonged to a _________ family, but fought for _________ causes.
Patrician; Plebeian.
What was the largest and final land battle of the Persian Wars fought in August 479 BC?
Plataea
What was the Golden Age of Athens?
When art and education flourished in Athens
Why was Socrates put on trial and sentenced to death?
For corrupting the youth and failing to acknowledge the gods of the city
Who founded the Academy for math, philosophy, biology, and astronomy?
Plato
What was the “Conflict of the Orders” and what was its result?
The plebeians fought against the rule of the patricians for around 200 years by going on strikes. They would leave the city for a while, refuse to work, or even refuse to fight in the army. As a result the plebeians gained a number of rights including the right to run for office and marry patricians.
How did the Greeks defeat the Persians at Marathon?
The Greeks defeated the Persians at Marathon with their longer spears, heavier swords, better armour, and rigid discipline of the phalanx formation.
Why did Sparta and other Greek city-states become jealous and distrustful of Athens?
After the Persian War, Athens became powerful and wealthy and the Athenian empire grew under the leadership of Pericles.
Describe the Socratic Method. How did Socrates teach his students?
The Socratic Method is the logical process of using questions and answers to explore a subject. Socrates would ask his students questions and then discuss possible answers. The answers would lead to more questions and eventually lead to more understanding of a subject.
What did the Persians allowed conquered peoples to do as long as they paid taxes and obeyed Persian rulers?
Keep their customs and religion