Scientific Method
What is an experiment?
A controlled test to determine whether a hypothesis is supported
A hypothesis is based on _________ or ___________
observation or an existing theory
What type of graph is used to compare categories of information?
Bar graph
Which Psalm includes this verse: When I look at your heavens, the work of your fingers, the moon and the stars, which you have set in place, what is man that you are mindful to him, and the son of man that you care for him?
Psalm 8
what do length, area, and volume measure?
distance, amount of surface, amount of space
Define control variables vs. experimental variables
An experimental variable is one condition in an experiment that changes in different trials, while control variables do not change
Define "theory" and state its purpose
Theories are mental models that are produced from multiple related confirmed hypotheses, and they improve our understanding of how the world works
What specific type of data does a pie graph convey?
percentages
Define "population" and explain the relationship between the terms: population, biosphere, ecosystem, community
Populations = local groups of the same species of organisms
Populations form communities, form ecosystems, form biosphere
Name the last step on the lab report
analysis/discussion
What is the relationship between a scientist's hypothesis and the scientific method?
A hypothesis guides the entire scientific method, because it is tested by an experiment, and is weighed against the results of the experiment
What are two things theories MUST do
explain related facts, provide means of producing new hypotheses
define independent and dependent variables
Independent variable influences another variable, dependent variable is the variable influenced by the change caused by the independent variable
What are the four goals of life science?
Energy, health, food, environment
Summarize Psalm 36:5-9
“Your steadfast love, O Lord, extends to the heavens, your faithfulness to the clouds. Your righteousness is like the mountains of God; your judgements are like the great deep; man and beast you save, O Lord. How precious is your steadfast love, O God! The children of mankind take refuge in the shadow of your wings. They feast on the abundance of your house, and you give them drink from the river of your delights. For with you is the fountain of life; in your light do we see light.”
What is a system?
a group of related objects, effects, and variables
Draw the cycle of scientific enterprise on the board. Include the terms "fact", "hypothesis", "theory", "review", "analysis", "experiment"
see board
How do you know when data represented by a scatterplot is related to one another?
They will strongly correlate in either a positive or negative direction (can demonstrate)
What is the largest living organism on earth?
The underground fungi in Oregon - covers 3.5 square miles
Define "mass" and "matter"
Mass is a measure of the amount of matter that makes up something
Matter is anything that has mass and takes up space (having volume)
Name all 8 steps, in order, of the scientific method (according to your book)
1. State the problem
2. Research the problem
3. Form a hypothesis
4. Conduct an experiment
5. Collect data
6. Analyze the data
7. Form a conclusion
8. Repeat the work
In the 1600s, Francesco Redi performed an experiment with three jars of decaying meat with different covers. What idea was he testing?
"spontaneous generation"
define direct and inverse relationships
A direct relationship means that increasing the independent variable causes an increase in the dependent variable, and vice versa.
An inverse relationship means that increasing the independent variable causes a decrease in the dependent variable, and vice versa.
Name the 4 types of organic compounds that we discussed
carbohydrates, amino acids, nucleic acids, lipids
Name the scientist who invented the microscope and therefore helped to further the study of cell theory
Anton van Leeuwenhoek