Cell Biology
This organelle is responsible for producing most of a eukaryotic cell’s ATP.
What is the mitochondrion?
The molecule that stores hereditary information in most organisms.
What is DNA?
Charles Darwin proposed this mechanism as a major driver of evolution.
What is natural selection?
These organs filter the blood and produce urine.
What are the kidneys?
Plants use this process to convert light energy into chemical energy.
What is photosynthesis?
This membrane structure controls what enters and leaves the cell and is primarily composed of phospholipids.
What is the plasma membrane?
Different versions of the same gene are called these.
What are alleles?
Structures that share a common evolutionary origin but may have different functions are called these.
What are homologous structures?
This protein in red blood cells carries oxygen.
What is hemoglobin?
The basic unit of classification directly below genus.
What is species?
Ribosomes attached to this organelle commonly synthesize proteins that will be secreted from the cell.
What is the rough ER?
An organism with two different alleles for a gene has this genotype.
What is heterozygous?
A random change in allele frequencies, especially powerful in small populations, is called this.
What is genetic drift?
This hormone lowers blood glucose by promoting glucose uptake into cells.
What is insulin?
This molecule is considered the main immediate energy currency of cells.
What is ATP?
During this phase of mitosis, sister chromatids separate and move toward opposite poles.
What is anaphase?
This enzyme synthesizes RNA using DNA as its template.
What is RNA polymerase?
A sudden reduction in population size that changes allele frequencies is known as this effect.
What is the bottleneck effect?
This chamber of the heart pumps oxygenated blood into the systemic circulation.
What is the left ventricle?
In aerobic respiration, this molecule serves as the final electron acceptor in the electron transport chain.
What is oxygen?
This cytoskeletal protein forms microfilaments and plays an important role in muscle contraction and cell movement.
What is actin?
When two genes are located close together on the same chromosome, they tend to be inherited together due to this phenomenon.
What is genetic linkage?
The evolution of similar traits independently in unrelated lineages because of similar environmental pressures is called this.
What is convergent evolution?
This part of a neuron commonly receives signals from other neurons.
What are dendrites?
This enzyme fixes atmospheric carbon dioxide during the Calvin cycle and is often described as the most abundant enzyme on Earth.
What is RuBisCO?