Chapter 1: Speaking in Public
How is public speaking similar to everyday conversation?
Organizing your thoughts logically
Telling a story for maximum impact
Adapting to listener feedback
Tailoring your message to the audience
What is ethics? Why is a strong sense of ethical responsibility vital for public speaking?
The branch of philosophy that deals with issues of right and wrong in human affairs
What are the two types of general-purpose statements?
To Inform
To Persuade
Why is it important to draw on your own knowledge and experiences in gathering materials for your speech?
We often speak best about subjects we are most familiar with. Speaking about something we know well helps us personalize out message.
What are the four types of informative speeches we've talked about?
Objects
Processes
Events
Concerpts
How is public speaking different from everyday conversation?
Public speaking is more highly structured
Public speaking requires more formal language
What is incremental plagiarism? How can you avoid it while quoting and paraphrasing?
Failing to give credit for particular parts of a speech that are borrowed from other people.
What is the difference between a specific purpose statement and a central idea?
The specific purpose statement is a single, infinitive sentence that states what you hope to convey in your speech. The central idea most closely resembles a thesis and clearly overviews the main points and goal of the speech
What are two of the three tips presented in your textbook for preparing main points?
Keep main points separate
Try and use the same pattern of wording for main points
Balance the amount of time devoted to main points
What is a speaking outline? What are 2 of the 4 guidelines for preparing one?
A speaking outline is a brief outline used to jog a speaker's memory during the presentation of a speech.
1. Follow the visual framework used in the prep outline
2. Make sure it's legible
3. Keep it as brief as possible
4. Give yourself delivery cues
What are some ways your textbook presents for dealing with nervousness?
Acquire speaking experience
Prepare
Think positively
Visualize
Know that nervousness isn't visible
Don't expect perfection
What is the difference between global plagiarism and patchwork plagiarism? What are the best ways to avoid these types of plagiarism?
Global - One source
Patchwork - Multiple sources
What are three brainstorming methods you can use if you're having trouble arriving at a topic?
Personal Inventory
Clustering
Internet Search
What are three criteria for evaluating the soundness of research materials that you find on the internet?
Sponsorship
Recency
What does it mean to use language appropriately?
Appropriateness to the occasion
Appropriateness to the audience
Appropriateness to the topic
Appropriateness to the speaker
What is ethnocentrism? Why do public speakers need to avoid ethnocentrism when addressing audiences?
The belief that one's own group or culture is superior to all other groups and cultures.
What 2/3 guidelines for ethical listening presented in the chapter? Explain
1. Be courteous and attentive
2. Avoid prejudging the speaker
3. Maintain the free and open expression of ideas
What are the four guidelines for an effective central idea?
1. Express the central idea is a full sentence
2. Do not form it as a question
3. Avoid figurative language
4. Do not be overly vague or general
What are the five basic patterns for organizing main points in a speech? Provide a brief definition of each.
Chronological order
Spatial order
Causal Order
Problem-solution order
Topical order
What are the Guidelines for Informative Speaking? (4/6)
1. Don't overestimate what the audience knows
2. Relate the Subject Directly to the Audience
3. Don't be too technical
4. Avoid abstractions
5. Personalize your ideas
6. Be creative
What are the six elements of the speech composition process? How do they interact to determine the success of failure of a speech?
Situation
Speaker
Listener
Channel
Interference
Message
Feedback
What are the five guidelines ethical speechmaking presented in the chapter?
1. Make sure your goals are ethically sound
2. Be fully prepared for each speech
3. Be honest in what you say
4. Avoid abusive name-calling and other forms of abusive language
5. Put ethical principles into practice
What does it mean to deliver an extemporaneous speech?
A carefully prepared and rehearsed speech that is presented from a brief set of notes.
What are the four kinds of speech connectives? Define and provide an example of each.
-Transitions
-Internal Previews
-Internal Summaries
-Signposts
Name 5 of the 8 guidelines for writing a preparation outline.
1. State the specific purpose of your speech
2. Identify the central idea
3. Label the Into, Body, and Conclusion
4. Use a consistent pattern of indentation and symbolization
5. State main points and subpoints in full sentences
6. Label transitions, internal summaries, and internal previews
7. Attach a bibliography
8. Give your speech a title