Experiment Design
This variable is deliberately changed by the experimenter.
independent variable?
These biological catalysts speed up reactions without being used up.
Enzymes
This molecule is the main energy currency produced during respiration.
ATP
This type of cell division produces two identical daughter cells used for growth and repair.
Mitosis
This is the group in an experiment that does not receive the treatment and is used for comparison.
Control
A good hypothesis should...
Be a testable statement that has both IV and DV
This factor causes enzymes to lose their shape and function permanently.
Denaturation
This is the overall equation for photosynthesis (reactants only).
Carbon dioxide and water
These chromosomes carry the same genes in the same positions but may have different alleles.
Homologous chromosomes
This term describes the consistency of results when an experiment is repeated multiple times.
Reliability
This improves reliability by allowing anomalies to be identified and averaged out within one experiment.
Replicas
The enzyme that unwinds DNA during replication.
Helicase
How many ATP are produced in the elctron transport chain part of aerobic respiration?
32
This pattern of inheritance produces an intermediate phenotype, such as grey offspring from black and white parents.
Incomplete dominance
This enzyme adds complementary nucleotides to form a new DNA strand during replication.
DNA polymerase
This describes how well an instrumenbt measures what it was intended to measure.
Accuracy
This process converts mRNA into a protein at the ribosome.
Translation
At this point, the rate of photosynthesis cannot increase despite increased CO₂ or light.
Saturation point (limiting factor)
This process during meiosis increases genetic variation by randomly separating homologous chromosome pairs into gametes.
Independent assortment
When an individual has two different alleles for a gene, they are described as this.
Heterozygous
Failing to control variables such as temperature or sample size can lead to this problem, where changes in the dependent variable cannot be confidently attributed to the independent variable.
Reduced validity
In the lac operon, the presence of lactose causes this protein to change shape and detach from DNA.
Lac repressor
Measuring rate of oxygen production is a common way to determine the ___________ in experiments.
rate of photosynthesis
This evolutionary process occurs when environmental pressures favour individuals with advantageous traits, leading to changes in allele frequency over generations.
Natural selection
This evolutionary mechanism changes allele frequencies due to random chance, especially in small populations.
Genetic Drift