Coronary Artery Disease
CAD affects this organ by reducing blood flow
heart
COPD affects what system of the body?
Respiratory System
Blood pressure measures the force of what?
blood pressing against artery walls
What test measures the electrical activity of the heart?
EKG (electrocardiogram)
German :)
Paul's blood pressure has been elevated since admission. Explain why uncontrolled hypertension increases his risk of another myocardial infarction during inpatient rehab.
Hypertension increases vascular resistance and myocardial workload, which can strain the recovering heart and trigger another cardiac event during activity
The buildup of this substance narrows the arteries in CAD
plaque (cholesterol/fat)
What are two types of COPD?
Emphysema and chronic bronchitis (long-term conditions that obstruct/get in the way of airfolw)
Why is hypertension known as the "silent killer"?
Because it usually shows little to no symptoms, but is a large health risk.
What blood test shows levels of proteins that are released when there is damage to the heart?
troponin
Paul becomes short of breath during grooming tasks at the sink. As his OT, what technique could you teach to optimize oxygen use, and how does it physiologically help in COPD?
Pursed-lip breathing; it prolongs exhalation, reduces air trapping, and improves ventilation.
What is a common cause of COPD?
What is one complication of uncontrolled hypertension?
myocardial infarction, stroke, kidney damage, and heart failure.
What is an imaging test for the heart to see how it pumps and the fluid around it?
echocardiogram
Paul has a history of hypertension. During activity, why should you monitor his blood pressure closely, especially after a recent MI?
High or unstable blood pressure can increase cardiac workload and risk re-injury to the heart muscle.
What occurs when the blood flow is completely blocked, and is a common occurrence for someone with CAD?
Myocardial infarction
What is a common symptom of the chest caused by emphysema COPD because air is trapped in the lungs.
barrel chest (inflated lungs)
What is a way to lower blood pressure without medication?
exercise, reducing sodium, stress management, DASH diet (low sodium/high fruits and vegetables)
What blood test did Paul receive that measures if there is an excessive amount of this enzyme that would be released if there is an MI or muscle damage.
Creatine kinase (CK)
Paul has CAD and just experienced an MI. When planning a session that involves mobility, what vital signs would you monitor before, during, and after activity?
Blood pressure, heart rate, oxygen saturation, and signs of chest pain or dizziness?
Name one lifestyle risk factor for CAD.
high cholesterol diet/poor diet, smoking, lack of exercise, stress
What are three common medication categories that a patient with COPD may be taking?
anti-inflammatory (steroids, inflammation of airways), bronchodilators (extend the airways), and expectorants (reduce and make mucus come up)
What organs of the body are involved in the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system?
kidneys (renin production), liver (produces angiotensinogen and is converted to angiotensin 1 by renin), lungs (angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) in lungs and kidneys convert angiotensin 1 to 2)
Angiotensin 2 promotes many things, but it releases aldosterone in adrenal cortex of kidneys, controlling water and sodium retention. This constricts blood vessels and raises blood pressure.
This procedure involves injecting contrast dye to visualize blockages in coronary arteries and may lead to stent placement
cardiac catheterization (or coronary angiogram)
Paul presents with swelling in his legs and shortness of breath. How might these symptoms be related to both his cardiac and pulmonary conditions?
Fluid backup from heart failure (related to CAD/HTN) and poor oxygen exchange from COPD can both cause fatigue and swelling.