CAD & Ischemia
What is CAD?
Impaired blood flow to the heart muscle d/t narrowed or blocked coronary arteries
What type of angina is predictable and relieved by rest or nitroglycerin?
What is an MI?
Complete blockage of coronary blood flow causing heart muscle cell death
What is infective endocarditis?
Infection of the inner lining of the heart and heart valves
What is the primary nursing goal during an MI?
Decrease oxygen demand and increase oxygen supply
What is ischemia?
Inadequate blood supply to tissues
What type of angina occurs at rest and is high risk for MI?
Unstable
When does irreversible injury begin during an MI?
Within 20 minutes
What are vegetations?
Clumps are bacteria, platelets, and fibrins on heart valves
What are modifiable risk factors for CAD?
Smoking, diet, inactivity, obesity, high cholesterol, HTN
What is the most common cause of decreased coronary blood flow?
Atherosclerosis
What type of angina is caused by coronary artery spasm and often occurs at night?
Prinzmetal (variant)
What is the greatest immediate risk after an MI?
Dysrhythmias
What is the most common cause of acute endocarditis?
Staphylococcus aureus
What is the most important rule before starting antibiotics in suspected endocarditis?
Get blood cultures
What happens to cells when oxygen supply does not meet demand?
ATP decreases and lactic acid builds
How long does typical angina last?
2-5 minutes
What medication is first line for chest pain?
nitroglycerin
What is the most important diag test for endocarditis?
Blood cultures
What is the standard treatment duration for infective endocarditis?
4-6 weeks of IV antibiotics
What phrase emphasizes urgency during an MI?
Time = muscle
What distinguishes an MI from angina pain?
Pain lasts longer than 15 minutes and is relieved by rest or nitro
What coronary artery occlusion results in the worst MI?
Left main coronary artery occlusion
(widow maker)
What classic peripheral findings are associated with endocariditis?
Petechiae, splinter hemorrhages, Olser nodes, Janeway lesions, Roth spots
What are 2 serious complications of endocarditis?
Heart failure and systemic emboli