Cold Injuries
What are the two different levels of frostbite?
Superficial frostbite and deep/severe frostbite
What is the most common type of burn in the world?
Radiation burns (sunburns)
What are the two things which you can give to the casualty when they are experiencing a diabetic attack?
Insulin and a sugary substance
A *blank* is completely clogged during a heart attack.
Artery
What’s the acronym used for fractures?
Rest, Immobilize, Cold, Elevate (R.I.C.E.)
What’s one major indication that represents severe frostbite?
Hands that are numbed, hardened but soft underneath, blueish gray, white and waxy
In what form can chemicals cause chemical burns?
In the form of a solid as powder or in the form of a liquid as a solution
Type II diabetes is associated with genetic inheritance (True or False).
False, Type II diabetes is based on an unbalanced diet/lifestyle that’s developed over time
What is angina?
When only a small passage of blood travels through the arteries into the heart (rate of blood flow is lessened)
How many triangulars are needed to treat a lower leg fracture?
Five (upper leg, knee, above the injury, below the injury and lastly the shin)
How do we treat mild and severe hypothermia?
Move casualty out of the cold. Provide the casualty with layers or a blanket, insulate them, and protect them from the wind. Place the casualty in recovery position.
What are the main symptoms that differentiate between the different degrees of burns?
A first-degree burn has mainly just redness on the affected area. A second-degree burn results in redness as well as blisters. A third-degree emerges with black/charred skin or even whiteness from emerging bones.
What organ in the body is associated with regulating glucose sugar levels?
The pancreas plays a key role in maintaining glucose sugar levels by producing and releasing glucagon or insulin when necessary
Why is angina considered less serious compared to a heart attack?
Angina still allows some blood to flow into the heart causing severe heart muscle damage. A heart attack completely blocks off any blood from entering the heart which results in the death of heart muscle cells
What is a strong indication and or sign that tells us that a casualty has head and spinal?
Spinal fluids coming out of the ears, broken hip or upper leg, casualty fell from a relatively dangerous height, unconscious casualty with no bystanders or yourself to account for what happened
Why do we try to minimize as much movement as possible to the affected part of the body that's experiencing deep/severe frostbite?
Moving/Rubbing the affected area can further damage the already damaged cells through the applied friction which can result in further tearing of the skin and flesh
Why might the casualty feel little to no pain after a third-degree burn has occurred?
The cells in the affected area have been burnt to a point in which the cells are dead and desensitized from feeling anything including pain
Why does an increase in age correlate with a greater chance to develop diabetes?
The change in body composition from an older change results in a greater resistance to insulin along with an increased deficiency in insulin secretion
How does the use of aspirin help the casualty during a heart attack/angina?
Aspirin works as a blood thinner to allow at least a little blood into the heart during a heart attack or to let more blood to enter the heart during angina
What’s the purpose of tying triangulars for fractures and why do we tie triangular bandages on the split rather than directly on the leg?
To secure the affected limb/body part from moving anymore which prevents more damage from occurring. We don’t want to provide direct pressure on the affected area which can lead to even more damage to the fracture
Why do we gradually warm the casualty up rather than immediately during hypothermia?
An immediate change in the body’s internal temperature can lead to shock while the applied heat on the surface can cause quite a bit of pain. An immediate increase in the body’s internal temperature can consequently cause the cold blood that still exists in the body to travel to the heart and result in heart failure
How do we treat an electrical burn?
Find the entry and exit wound first to identify if there’s an electrical burn. Rinse/Wash the affected area with cool water and dry thoroughly. Place non-stick gauze on the affected areas and bandage it up with a triangular or roller gauze. Await the paramedics while maintaining ongoing casualty care and monitoring vitals.
What factors make type II diabetes much more common in comparison to type I diabetes?
The amount of junk food and or fast food that has emerged in this modern society makes it hard to resist due to its addictive and convenient nature. The development of addictive foods can lead to obesity and even diabetes. The convenience of buying a pre-prepared and imbalanced meal outweighs the amount of time it takes to cook a proper meal
What happens if a casualty takes more than three nitroglycerin sprays while under the span of a full day?
The casualty may fatally overdose while developing symptoms such as a throbbing headache, confusion, pounding heartbeats, vision problems, vomiting, bloody diarrhea, sweating, clammy skin, blue lips, weak or shallow breathing, loss of movement, seizure, or fainting
What is the treatment for an open fracture?
Use a non-stick gauze to form a tent on top of it, then place two roller gauzes in between the bone and tape them down without touching the injury. Use a triangular bandage to gently cover the injury and finally create a tubular/sling if necessary