What is Calcium?
True or False.
Calcium is a Mineral
True
What is Calcium Homeostasis?
Process of maintaining a stable level of calcium within the blood.
Is Vitamin D a Vitamin? If not, what is it.
A steroid Hormone derived from Cholesterol
What are the Four Levels of Severity with Hypercalcemia?
Mild
Moderate
Severe
Medical Emergency
Primary Treatment for PHPT.
Surgery- Removal of gland/affected glands
What is one of the four ways calcium plays a part within our bodies?
What is the function of Calcitonin?
Lowers calcium reabsorption, and stimulates calcium deposition in bones
What are CSRs within the Parathyroid?
Calcium Sensing Receptors
What is the most common cause of Hypercalcemia?
Primary Hyperparathyroidism (PHPT)
What are some Lifestyle Changes to help with osteoporosis?
List 2 of 4
Calcium and vitamin D supplementation
Exercise
Stop Smoking
Fall prevention
What is the reference range for total serum calcium?
8.5 to 10.2 mg/dl
List three of the five calcium sources listed in the powerpoint
Supplements
Dairy
Fortified Foods
Leafy Greens
Canned Fish with Bones
What is the role of the Kidneys in Regulation of Calcium Metabolism (Normal)?
Normal fuctioning kidneys will reabsorb and excrete calcium to maintain proper calcium levels
What Calcium Level indicates Hypocalcemia?
Less than 8.8mg/dl
How to treat Milk Alkali Syndrome?
List one of the two ways.
Intravenous and Oral Hydration
Stopping of extra calcium supplementation
What are the 3 key players within the Endocrine System?
Parathyroid Glands
Vitamin D
Calcitonin
What is the active form of Vitamin D?
1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 or calcitriol
What Metabolic Bone Disease Affects Children?
Rickets
List the 3 treatment for Acute Hypocalcemia
Intravenous Calcium
Magnesium Supplementation
Vitamin D Supplementation
What was One of the Key Organs Listed AND what is its important function in Calcium Homeostasis
Bones-Osteoblast and osteoclasts break down and rebuild calcium, when necessary
Intestines-Absorption of calcium from sources
Kidneys- Filtering and reabsorption of calcium
What is Magnesiums Relationship with Calcium?
List All 3
Absorption- Compete for absorption within intestines
Balance- Crucial for overall health (Bone & Heart Health, Muscle & Nerve Function)
Ratio- Calcium and Magnesium 2:1
What is the gold Standard for diagnosing Osteoporosis?
Bone Mineral Density Testing
What is the medical management of Hypercalcemia, PHPT Patients.
Biophosphonates- Selective estrogen modulators (SERMs) and estrogen
Cinacalcet- Allosteric Calcium Receptor Modulator