Proteins
BFP differs from GFP in this way
What is color?
BFP is blue
GFP is green
This bacterial immune system was repurposed by scientists as a genome editing tool.
What is CRISPR/Cas?
Describe the physical structure of most bacterial plasmids.
What are small, circular, double-stranded DNA molecules?
This technique separates proteins based on their molecular weight.
What is SDS-PAGE?
This is the name of the natural process bacteria use to take up plasmid DNA from their environment.
What is transformation?
GFP requires ______ to fluoresce.
What is oxygen?
These are the two essential components required for CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing.
What are the Cas9 protein and guide RNA?
This region on a plasmid allows it to replicate during bacterial cell division.
What is the origin of replication?
This chemical denatures proteins and coats them with a uniform negative charge.
What is SDS (Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate)?
They were the first patient successfully treated with CRISPR/Cas9 for sickle cell disease.
Who is Victoria Gray?
This jellyfish from the North American west coast is the source of the fluorescent protein that won a 2008 Nobel prize.
What is Aequora Victoria?
In the miniPCR knockout lab, this gene was targeted because its knockout would change the bacteria color.
What is the lacZ gene?
Calcium chloride and heat shock are used to increase this during bacterial transformation.
What is cell membrane permeability?
These reducing agents break disulfide bonds and completely denature proteins before SDS-PAGE.
What are BME (beta-mercaptoethanol) or DTT (dithiothreitol)
These three scientists won the 2008 Nobel Prize for GFP discovery.
Who are Shimomura, Chalfie, and Tsien?
This four-subunit protein consists of two α-globin and two β-globin subunits to carry oxygen in blood.
What is hemoglobin?
Who are Jennifer Doudna and Emmanuelle Charpentier?
This selection method ensures that only bacteria that took up the plasmid will survive on the growth medium.
What is antibiotic resistance?
On an SDS-PAGE gel, a 50 kDa protein would be found at this location compared to a 150 kDa protein.
What is further down the gel?
Who is He Jiankui (He JK)?
This protein breaks down lactose AND can bread down X-gal to produce a blue pigment.
What is β-galactosidase?
The difference between the pKO and pCTRL plasmids is that pKO contains a guide RNA targeting lacZ, while pCTRL contains this instead.
What is a random guide RNA?
In the chromogenic protein lab, this high copy number range allows more protein expression per bacterial cell.
What is 100-300 copies per cell?
The abbreviation SDS-PAGE stands for this.
What is Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate-Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis?
The snail shell spiraling experiment tested whether this gene controls the direction of shell coiling.
What is the Lsdia1 gene?