seagull
checks and balances
counterbalancing influences by which an organization or system is regulated, typically those ensuring that political power is not concentrated in the hands of individuals or groups.
pericles
Pericles was a prominent and influential Greek statesman, orator and general of Athens during its golden age – specifically the time between the Persian and Peloponnesian wars.
Alexander
known as Alexander the Great, was a king of the ancient Greek kingdom of Macedon and a member of the Argead dynasty.
socrates
Socrates was a classical Greek philosopher credited as one of the founders of Western philosophy, and as being the first moral philosopher, of the Western ethical tradition of thought
plato
Plato was a philosopher in Classical Greece and the founder of the Academy in Athens, the first institution of higher learning in the Western world.
aristole
Aristotle was an ancient Greek philosopher and scientist born in the city of Stagira, Chalkidiki, in central Macedonia. Along with Plato, he is considered the "Father of Western Philosophy".
Greece and Rome
Influential in ancient times, it's often called the cradle of Western civilization. Athens, its capital, retains landmarks including the 5th-century B.C. Acropolis citadel with the Parthenon temple.
years of globally influential art, architecture and culture on display. Ancient ruins such as the Forum and the Colosseum evoke the power of the former Roman Empire. Vatican City, headquarters of the Roman Catholic Church
Greco Roman Influence
Judeo Christian Influence
This time period provided the ideal conditions for the spread of Christianity. Greco-roman. An ancient culture that developed from a blending of Greek, Hellenistic, and Roman cultures.
Christianity's derivation from Judaism, both religions' common use of the Torah, or due to perceived parallels or commonalities shared values between those two religions, which has contained as part of Western culture.
Ethical Monotheism
a form of exclusive monotheismin which God is the source for one standard of morality, who guides humanity through ethical principles.
Renaissance/ Reformation
began after the plague in the 14th and 15th centuries and was fueled by soldiers returning from the Crusades. There was renewed interest in ancient Greek and Roman art.
John Locke
English philosopher and physician, widely regarded as one of the most influential of Enlightenment thinkers and commonly known as the "Father of Liberalism".
MoNtEsqUiEu
a French judge, man of letters, and political philosopher. He is famous for his articulation of the theory of separation of powers, which is implemented in many constitutions throughout the world.
Voltaire
French Enlightenment writer, historian and philosopher famous for his wit, his criticism of Christianity, especially the Roman Catholic Church, and his advocacy of freedom of religion, freedom of speech, and separation of church and state.
Rosseau
Born in Geneva, his political philosophy influenced the progress of the Enlightenment throughout Europe, as well as aspects of the French Revolution and the development of modern political and educational thought.
Philosophes
Philosopheswere the intellectuals of the 18th-century Enlightenment. Few were primarily philosophers; rather, philosophes were public intellectuals who applied reason to the study of many areas of learning, including philosophy, history, science, politics, economics, and social issues.
Glorious Revolution
was when William of Orange took the English throne from James II in 1688. The event brought a permanent realignment of power within the English constitution.
Model Parliament
the term, attributed to Frederic William Maitland, used for the 1295 Parliament of England of King Edward I.
US bill of rights
English bill of rights
the first ten ammendments of US constitution
creates separation of powers, limits the powers of the king and queen, enhances the democratic election and bolsters freedom of speech.
The Magna CArta
a charter of rights agreed to by King John of England at Runnymede, near Windsor, on 15 June 1215.
Declaration of independence
The constitution
Declaration of Independence is the statement adopted by the Second Continental Congress meeting
The Constitution, originally comprising seven articles, delineates the national frame of government.
The Enlightenment
also known as the Age of Reason, was a philosophical movement that took place primarily in Europe and, later, in North America, during the late 17thand early 18thcentury. Its participants thought they were illuminating human intellect and culture after the "dark" Middle Ages.
Republic
Democracy
a state in which supreme power is held by the people and their elected representatives, and which has an elected or nominated president rather than a monarch.
a system of government by the whole population or all the eligible members of a state, typically through elected representatives.
constitutional monarchy
a form of monarchy in which the sovereign exercises authority in accordance with a written or unwritten constitution
Revolutionary War
French Revolution
American/BRitish independence war
a period of far-reaching social and political upheaval in France and its colonies beginning in 1789.
NApoleonic War
a series of major conflicts pitting the French Empire and its allies, led by Napoleon I, against a fluctuating array of European powers formed into various coalitions, financed and usually led by the United Kingdom.