East Coast Fishery
What is inshore/offshore fishing?
Inshore fishing is fishing that takes place within a few kilometres from the mainland shore. Offshore fishing is fishing that takes a few days used by companies due to it being relocated to the open ocean
What is the most popular/desired fish in the West Coast?
Salmon species
What is a shellfish and what is an example of a species in this category?
Any marine animal with an exoskeleton/backbone
(eg. Lobsters, mollusks, crabs, shrimp, crayfish, etc.)
What are metallic minerals? What is an example of one?
Metallic minerals are minerals that yield metals when processed. (eg. iron, gold, silver, copper)
Define underground mining.
Underground mining is the method of mining used to recover mineral deposits from deeper underground levels
Where does offshore fishery take place in the East Coast?
Atlantic Canada/Atlantic Ocean
Where do Salmon usually migrate to now due to climate change?
Alaska/ Northern Canada
What is a groundfish and what is an example of one?
Fishes that are found and caught near the ocean floor
(Cod, haddock, halibut, redfish, pollock)
What category of mineral does natural gas fall in?
Fossil Fuels
Define open pit mining.
Open pit mining involves removing overburden and digging a large hole in the ground to extract minerals near the Earth’s surface
Why has overfishing been a contributor to the collapse of the East Coast Fishery?
Scientists overestimated the growth rate of fish in the Atlantic per year, leading to companies catching more immature fish and undesirable fish species in the process.
What are the three types of fishing that have affected and challenged the fishing industry in the West Coast?
•Commercial Fishing
•Sport Fishing
•Indigenous Fishing Rights
What is a pelagic fish and what is an example of one?
Any fish that feed and are found/caught near the surface
(salmon, tuna, caplin, mackerel)
What are fossil fuels? What are some major fossil fuels found in Canada?
Fossil fuels are a type of mineral that are formed from the remains of fossilized organisms living 200-300 million years ago. (eg. natural gas, oil)
Define strip mining. What kind of minerals is it mainly used for extracting?
Strip mining is the method where overburden is removed to extract minerals near or at surface level. This method of mining is typically used to extract fossil fuel minerals.
What three main countries have contributed to the uncontrolled foreign fishing industry the East Coast?
• Russia
• Japan
•Portugal
Why was a Salmon Treaty needed?
The United States have been catching and importing too many salmon yearly, reaching at an average of 800,000 tons worth of salmon caught per year. The treaty allows Canada to minimize the amount of fish caught per year to preserve the stock and practice sustainability by allowing reproduction and maturity to occur.
Who are Canada's main customers for our fishing industry?
USA, Japan, Western Europe
What are industrial minerals? What are some examples?
Industrial minerals are non-metallic, non-fuel mineral resources used for various commercial, industrial and personal uses.
Why is smelting a problematic stage of the ore process?
Smelters are costly to build, averaging at $1 billion and up. Transport to smelters from the mine takes long periods of time of travel. The waste material after smelting, tailings, have to be meticulously handled due to its toxicity being harmful to the environment, having specific dikes constructed to contain the poisonous material.
What two geographic factors contribute to Atlantic Canada being one of the world’s best fishing grounds?
• Atlantic Canada has a continental shelf less than 200m in depth, being able to host several shellfish and groundfish. Atlantic Canada also has shallow fishing banks serving as feeding grounds for fish as the sunlight allows plankton to grow, attracting more groundfish and pelagic fish.
Why have salmon change their migratory patterns in the recent years?
• Due to natural environmental changes occurring in the Pacific, temperatures increased, making the water undesirable to salmon, which prefer waters at a temperature no greater than 7 degrees.
In 2003, fish exports were greater than imports in Canada, helping the balance of trade. What was the value of exports and imports?
Exports: $4.5 billion
Imports: $2 billion
Which of these minerals are industrial?
a) Gypsum
b) Diamond
c) Copper
a) Gypsum
What is the milling process?
Milling is the mining process where ores are grinded and/or pulverizing large rocks into smaller ores and waste material.