Before
Who are the Elders?
Community members were considered the "professors" and were highly regarded for their wisdom and knowledge of the land.
What was the main purpose of Canada’s residential school system?
Forced assimilation of Indigenous children
When did the last residential school close?
1997
Who were residential schools created for?
Indigenous children
What years did Canada’s residential school system operate?
1800s-1996
What are extended family networks?
Indigenous societies were built on these broad networks where resources were shared and survival was a collective effort.
These groups operated residential schools alongside the Canadian government
Christian churches
How many people died?
150,000
Who were residential schools funded by?
The Canadian government
Where did many students live while attending residential schools?
At the school
Who are the Blackfoot and Cree?
two Indigenous groups are noted for following buffalo herds and using tipis for mobility.
Indigenous children were punished for doing this
Speaking their Indigenous languages or practising their culture
How many calls to action are there?
94
What basic needs were often not properly met at residential schools?
Food, clothing, and healthcare
What happened to many Indigenous names at residential schools?
They were changed with English or Christian names
What is a Clan system?
An organizational system, often named after animals like the Wolf or Bear, provided a legal framework for marriage and trade.
How many children died in Canadas residential schools between 1883-1996?
6000
What does TRC stand for?
Truth and Reconciliation Commission of Canada
Which Canadian prime minister was the main architect of residential schools?
Sir John A. Macdonald
What organization investigated the history and impacts of residential schools?
The TRC
What is the Great Law of Peace?
political framework is one of the world's oldest participatory democracies and influenced the U.S. Constitution.
Residential school death rates were higher than the risk of dying during this major Canadian event
World War 1
What year was the Indian Residential School Settlement Agreement agreed upon?
2006
What day in Canada honours residential school survivors and those who never returned home?
September 30
What language were Indigenous children forced to use at residential schools?
English or French