Definitions
The three distinct groups of Indigenous Peoples of Canada.
What are First Nations, Metis, and Inuit?
The "professional" organizations responsible for operating the first "Indian" hospitals. (Hint: they were religious.)
What are Christian organizations?
The percentage of Residential School survivors that developed a mental illness.
What is 90%?
The European Settler who arrived to the Americas in 1492 thinking it was India.
What is "Christopher Columbus"?
The two correct and culturally appropriate terms used to describe this group of people (hint: not Indian).
What is 'Aboriginal’ or ‘Indigenous’?
The population of Indigenous Peoples in Canada before the arrival of the newcomers (estimate).
What are estimates as high as 2 million?
The training required to be a teacher at a residential school.
What is no professional training?
The name for North America from an Indigenous creation story.
What is "Turtle Island"?
The Indian Act denied Indian status to this group of Indigenous Peoples.
What are Metis?
The population of Indigenous Peoples in Canada after the effect of the arrival of the settlers (provide range).
What is 100,000 and 125,000, including 10,000 Metis and 2000 Inuit by 1871?
The last residential school closed in this year.
What is 1996?
The amount of money First Nations individuals receive annually from the government for the Treaty 8 agreement.
What is $5?
The Indigenous group that were never part of the Indian Act.
What are the Inuit?
The deadliest infectious disease brought by the European settlers. (Bonus point if you can list 3 others!)
What is smallpox? Other infectious diseases included tuberculosis, scarlet fever, influenza, measles, chicken pox, diphtheria, syphilis, and cholera.
The government's purpose of implementing the residential school system.
What is the government's assimilation strategy? Church and government leaders decided that Indigenous Peoples could be civilized by taking children from their families and teaching them to be European. Children were denied access to Indigenous languages, dress, food, spiritual beliefs, and cultural practices. They were taught to see their way of life as inferior and undesirable. This “communicated and instilled worthlessness, shame, isolation, hopelessness, a lack of belonging, internalized self-hatred.…The legacy of residential schools left a sense of not fitting in anywhere, not with their own culture and families, nor in the rest of Canada.”
The circumstances in which Indigenous Peoples would lose their Indian status (5 answers for full points).
What is: 1) marrying a non-Aboriginal man if one were an Aboriginal woman (an Aboriginal man did not lose his status if he married a non-Aboriginal woman);
2) receiving a university degree;
3) becoming a doctor, lawyer, or clergyman;
4) being away from the reserve for four years or more (this impacted veterans returning from World War I and II who came back to no recognized status);
5) voting in a Canadian election (until 1960 when all Indigenous Peoples were given the right to vote in federal elections)?
In an act of intentional biological warfare, European settlers provided ________ as gifts for Indigenous Peoples?
What are blankets previously used by smallpox patients?
The medical procedure that was first performed in residential and industrial schools that targeted "mental defectives" and "individuals incapable of intelligent parenthood."
What is forced sterilization? This procedure was carried out with consent, but later dropped the requirement for consent in 1939.
The percentage of Indigenous Peoples institutionalized in Canada (federal prison).
What is 26.4% (2016/2017)? In other words, while Indigenous people in Canada comprise just 4.9% of the population, in federal prisons more than one in four inmates is Métis, Inuit, or First Nations. There was a 39% increase in the Indigenous federally incarcerated population between 2007 and 2016. Additionally, Indigenous inmates are sentenced to longer terms, and spend more time in segregation and maximum security. They are less likely to be granted parole and are more likely to have parole revoked for minor problems.