Principles Of Canadian Foreign Policy
This principle emphasizes Canada’s preference for diplomacy, negotiation, and avoiding conflict when possible.
What is Peace?
This type of organization is made up of independent groups, not governments, and often focuses on issues like human rights, health, or the environment.
What is an NGO (Non-Governmental Organization)?
Canada became a member of this international organization shortly after it was created in 1945.
What is the United Nations?
Canadian soldiers wear these easily recognizable items while serving on international peace missions.
What are blue helmets?
This North American free trade agreement came into effect in 1994 and included Canada, the United States, and Mexico.
What is North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA)?
This principle reflects Canada’s belief in working with other countries through international organizations rather than acting alone.
What is multilateralism?
This type of organization is formed by multiple governments working together to address international issues.
What is an IGO (Intergovernmental Organization)?
This is one major way Canada has contributed to the United Nations by helping maintain peace in conflict zones around the world.
What is Peacekeeping?
This 1956 conflict led to Canada proposing the first large-scale UN peacekeeping force.
What is the Suez Crisis?
This agreement replaced NAFTA in 2020 and is known as CUSMA in Canada and USMCA in the United States.
What is Canada–United States–Mexico Agreement (CUSMA/USMCA)?
This principle focuses on protecting Canada’s economic, political, and security interests in its decisions on foreign affairs.
What is national interest?
This organization promotes international cooperation, peace, and security, and is one of the most influential IGOs in the world.
What is the United Nations?
This Canadian diplomat helped shape the modern concept of UN peacekeeping during the Suez Crisis in 1956.
Who is Lester B. Pearson?
Canada helped create this UN force to separate Egyptian and Israeli troops after the Suez Crisis.
What is the United Nations Emergency Force (UNEF)?
One major goal of Canadian trade agreements like NAFTA and CUSMA is to reduce or eliminate these barriers between countries.
What are tariffs?
This term describes Canada’s role as a country that is not a superpower but still has influence through diplomacy, peacekeeping, and international cooperation.
What is a Middle Power?
This military and political alliance is an IGO that Canada belongs to and is focused on collective defence.
What is the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)?
This UN body, on which Canada has served multiple times, is responsible for maintaining international peace and security.
What is the United Nations Security Council?
This modern Canadian role in peace and security reflects a shift away from traditional peacekeeping toward combat and counter-terrorism operations, such as in Afghanistan.
What is collective defence or combat-based peace operations?
This sector was a major point of negotiation in CUSMA, as Canada sought to protect its domestic system while the U.S. pushed for more access.
What is dairy or supply management?
This principle explains why Canada often participates in peacekeeping missions and international agreements through organizations like the United Nations instead of acting independently.
What is Collective Security?
This international NGO is known for monitoring human rights abuses and pressuring governments through reports and advocacy rather than military force.
What is Amnesty International?
Canada’s support for this UN principle emphasizes protecting civilians from genocide, war crimes, ethnic cleansing, and crimes against humanity.
What is Responsibility to Protect (R2P)?
Canada’s mission in Afghanistan demonstrated this change in Canada’s approach to international peace and security.
What is the shift from peacekeeping to peacemaking/peace enforcement?
This change in CUSMA affected how disputes between governments and foreign investors are handled, reducing Canada’s exposure compared to NAFTA.
What is the removal/limitation of investor–state dispute settlement (ISDS)?