Indigenous Perspectives
The Indigenous view is to do this rather than look at the land as something to own.
What is land?
On the Treaty medallion, a member of the government and an Indigenous man do this as a gesture of peace.
What is a handshake?
The government and its soldiers used this as a weapon to control the Indigenous people. They did this by killing off many of the buffalo.
What is hunger?
This Treaty was signed in 1871 in Manitoba.
What is Treaty No 1?
Even though we have not learned about him in this course, this man was a rebel and fought for the rights of his people. He was eventually put to death for his actions.
(hint: probably the most famous Metis person ever!)
Who is Louis Riel?
Following the pipe ceremony, treaties became tri-party agreements involving both negotiating parties and _________________.
What is the Creator?
This is considered a sacred medicine and is "gifted" to an Elder for their knowledge or placed on the land as a way of showing gratitude to Mother Earth.
What is tobacco?
This "Act" was a law that took away Indigenous people rights to govern themselves.
What is the Indian Act?
As a result of the popular Christian view of Indigenous people in 1890, these structures (places) were built all over Canada for Indigenous children. The main purpose was assimilation.
What are Residential Schools?
These Indigenous leaders represented their nation's interest when negotiating the Treaties with the government.
Who are chiefs?
This item, which traditionally is made of only two colours, was used to record Treaty promises and was about relationships.
What is the wampum belt?
She is the first Indigenous person and artist to have her art displayed on a Canadian coin!
Who is Daphne Odjig?
This type of documents the Crown and government uses is different from the oral version of the Indigenous peoples, which caused a lot of the misinterpretations and expectations.
What are written documents?
Treaties 1-5 were signed from 1871-1876 in mostly this Canadian province.
What is Manitoba?
Even though they were attacked at dawn (and without negotiating), this Indigenous leader and his warriors defeated Otter’s troops.
Who is Poundmaker?
This statement/phrase is meant to apply to all Canadians and everyone who lives here.
What is "We are all Treaty people."
Indigenous peoples across North America often used ______________ as part of their treaty-making processes that existed for thousands of years before European arrival
What are ceremonies?
This four letter branch of police would arrest anyone who participated in Indigenous gatherings or ceremonies.
Who is the RCMP?
During the war of 1812, First Nations helped the British defend the land against the Americans. The land would later become this country.
What is Canada?
This Indigenous leader was a Plains Cree chief in the 19th century known for his resistance against the Canadian government.
Who is Big Bear?
This was the real motivation (reason) why the government wanted land.
What are railways/construction/resources?
Indigenous people viewed the Treaties as a way to share the land and build this with other people and nations. However, this wasn't the same reason the Canadian government wanted a treaty agreement.
What are relationships?
The term "Honour of the ______________" means the government must act with honesty, respect, and fairness in all dealings with First Nations.
(Wasn't totally accurate with reality)
What is Crown?
In 1763, this wasn't technically a Treaty, but it set the stage for the Treaties that came later. Its title has two words that start with R and P.
What is the Royal Proclamation?
This king is famous for starting the foundation of the Treaty documents and legal framework of the Treaty negotiations.
(Your teacher made a typo with his name on an assignment)
Who is King George III?