Terms
Unregulated cancer cell growth that has spread to to other areas of the body
What is metastasis
A nurse is teaching a patient about risk factors for cancer. Which statement by the patient indicates a need for further teaching?
A. “I should eat plenty of fruits and vegetables.”
B. “I should eat a low-fat diet that is high in fiber.”
C. “I understand that eating a high-fat diet increases my risk of breast cancer.”
D.“I know that eating pickled and smoked foods can help prevent GI cancers.”
ANS: D
D. Consumption of large amounts of pickled, smoked, and charbroiled foods has been linked with esophageal and stomach cancers. A. A diet low in vitamins A, C, and E is associated with cancers of the lungs, esophagus, mouth, larynx, cervix, and breast. B. People who eat high-fat, low-fiber diets are more prone to develop colon cancers. C. High-fat diets are linked to breast cancer in women and prostate cancer in men.
Administer prophylactic antiemetic's and fluid.
What is Nausea/Vomiting
Internal radiation given to the patient
What is Brachytherapy.
Medication used to increase neutrophils.
What is Filgrastim (Neupogen)
Specific agent that is known to promote the development of cancer.
What is Carcinogen.
A patient on chemotherapy after surgery develops thrombocytopenia. Which manifestation should the nurse report immediately to the physician?
A. Headache
B. Tarry stools
C. Pain at the surgical site
D. Blood pressure 136/88 mm Hg
ANS: B
B. Tarry stools are a sign of GI bleeding for which the patient with low platelets is at risk. A, C, and D may be problems also, but they are not life-threatening and are therefore lower priorities.
Nursing interventions that help with mucositis
Oral rinsing
Viscous lidocaine (Magic Mouthwash)
Oral saliva substitute
Cryotherapy
What are the common side effects of radiation therapy?
What is dry mouth, sores and fatigue.
What do the letters stand for in CAUTION?
What is change in bowel or bladder habits
A sore that does not heal
Unusual bleeding
Thickening or a lump in the breast or elsewhere
Indigestion or difficulty swallowing
Obvious change in wart or mole,
Nagging cough or hoarseness.
Period when the WBC cell counts are the lowest?
What is Nadir.
Precautions that should be taken for a patient receiving brachytherapy?
Time
Distance
Shielding
Fall precautions
Use electric razors
Wear shoes
Use soft toothbrush
Avoid straining
What are thrombocytopenia precautions?
Primary treatment for patients with solid-tumor malignancies
What is surgery?
How often are colonoscopies recommended and when?
Every 10 years beginning at age 45, UNLESS you have close relative with colon cancer, have inflammatory bowel disease, or a genetic syndrome
These drugs can cause blistering of tissue that eventually leads to necrosis if they infiltrate, or leak, out of the blood vessel and into the soft tissue.
What is vesicant drugs.
Interventions of Impaired Gas Exchange
Identify cause
Assess respiratory system
Oxygen therapy
ABG order
HOB elevated
Symptomatic support
What are neutropenia precautions.
What are:
Private room
mask and gloves worn by HCP/visitors
frequent handwashing
no flowers
no raw fruit or vegetables
fluids not to be left at room temperature for long
Chemotherapy side effects?
What are:
N/V
Mucositis
Anorexia
Bone marrow suppression
Diarrhea
Alopecia
Bleeding
How does cancer spread to other areas of the body (metastasize)?
What is invade blood or lymph vessels
Dislodge and grow in a new location (Fibronectin is GONE)
The administration of medications to reduce the risk of specific cancers in high-risk patients.
What is chemoprevention
A patient is very concerned about alopecia and her appearance. What nursing intervention should be done?
Provide with resources
Oral cannabis that is used to treat loss of appetite in cancer patients
Why do we administer chemotherapy to a patient before tumor removal surgery?
What is to decrease tumor size and thus make surgery less dangerous and extensive.
What is the cancer type with the highest mortality rate?
What is Lung Cancer.