Name That Cancer
Name 2 characteristics of a benign tumor.
Noninvasive
Grows large
Slow growth rate
Does not usually cause death unless impairs function of vital organ;can compress tissues as it grows which can result in impaired organ functioning
Does not emit tumor-specific antigens or proteins
Does not metastasize to to distant sites
What is the name for medications used to treat malignant diseases?(cancer drugs)
Antineoplastic drugs
What is the primary purpose/function of breast?
Lactation
What is Myelosuppression?
Myelosuppression, also known as bone marrow suppression, is a decrease in bone marrow activity that results in reduced production of blood cells
What is another name for internal radiation?
Brachytherapy
Name 2 characteristics of a Malignant tumor.
-Invasive
– Uncontrolled growth
– Causes alterations in cell membrane; fluid movement in and out of cell
– Tumor-specific antigens
Name two areas of the body that are often targeted by antineoplastic drugs. (think adverse effects)
hair follicles, lining of the mouth, lining of GI tract, Bone marrow
What is the drug name often used for Breast cancer prevention and treatment of breastcancer(SERM)
Tamoxifen
What education can you give a pt who has an inherited gene mutation for breast cancer as far as prevention?
You can't prevent cancer, but you can have your blood analyzed for tumor markers to see what your risk level is.
Describe a healthy diet for a cancer pt.
Low fat, high protein, high antioxidant diet, low nitrate foods
When normal cells start growing at an unusually fast rate, they can invade other parts of the body; development of secondary tumor from the primary tumor; spreading of cancerous cells
Name 3 side effects that might develop from chemotherapy.
N/V, anorexia, diarrhea, alopecia, stomatitis/mucositis
Name a common complication following a mastectomy that causes soft tissue swelling from accumulated lymphatic fluid.
Lymphedema
Name 2 foods/food types that pts at risk for cancer should avoid.
foods high in fat, or nitrates and smoked foods (preserved in salt, smoked); The foods highest in nitrate include beet roots and leafy greens such kale, arugula, chard, and spinach. Others include parsley, Chinese cabbage, leeks, celery, radishes, and turnips., alcohol
What is an autologous stem cell transplant?
–Replaces bone marrow destroyed by cancer or cancer treatments; engraftment
•Autologous: frozen and reinfused from self
List 3 Warning Signs of Cancer:(CAUTION)
C- Change in bowel/bladder habits
A- An unhealing sore
U- Unusual bleeding/discharge
T- Thickening lump
I- Indigestion; persistent
O- Obvious change in size of wart or mole; irregular shape
N- Nagging cough
State 3 Nursing Care/Interventions or pt education regarding chemotherapy.
•oral care
•Avoid spicy and fatty foods
•Avoid very hot/cold liquids; eat cool/bland foods
•Small meals (small frequent meals); appropriate fluid intake; calorie dense foods
•Testes; Infertility; sterility is a possibility
Neutropenic Precautions
antiemetics
hair care
What is gynecomastia?
Gynecomastia is an overdevelopment or enlargement of the breast tissue in men or boys
Name 2 etiologies of cancer.
Inherited
chemical agents/toxins; tobacco/nicotine/asbestos/pesticidee
environmental: sunlight/radiation/pollutants
Diet
Name 2 adverse effects of antineoplastic drugs that should be reported to the MD.
myleosuppression s/s; infection/bruising/bleeding/anemia
Name two cancers that most commonly have the etiology of inherited gene mutation and lead in death causing cancers?
Ovarian and breast cancer colon prostate
State the difference between internal and external radiation. (1 teaching for each)
Radiation Safety(unsealed/internal)- placed close to target tissue via placement in body orifice or IV
-radioactive
–Length of exposure
Private rooms
–Distance; avoid kissing and sexual contact
–Shielding: lead-lined; dosimeter
–Contaminated articles; gloves
Sealed/External- small doses aimed at the body from external source
-not radioactive/not hazardous to others
-do not wash off marks/tattoo
-red meat!
-rest period/activity
-skin care; do not apply lotion/talcum to irradiated skin
-suncare
Name 3 teachings post-mastectomy.
mammogram, BSE, brassiere
exercise; avoid abduction of the arm; immediate postop until drains have been removed
activities requiring abduction and rotation of the shoulder may resume following the healing of surgical site
Avoid lifting >15 lbs
Avoid tight fitting/constrictive clothing
Complete routine arm exercises to affected arm
Avoid deodorant or talcum powder on the affected side while incision heals to prevent delayed healing
Take tub baths until stitches/drains are removed (7-10 days postop)
Empty drainage device bid and record drain amount(per fam
List 3 education points for neutropenic precautions:
monitor/report temp/report fever/s/s of infection
fresh flowers/plants
stagnant water/ drink water bottles
raw/fresh foods
buffets/large crowds
aseptic technique/handwaashing
avoid yardwork
Name the 5 stages of Grief