Cell Cycle
If a cell is not dividing or preparing to divide, it is...
carrying out normal functions (doing its job).
The process of dividing the nucleus during the cell cycle.
Mitosis.
What is our definition of cancer?
Unregulated (uncontrolled) cell growth.
What enzyme unzips & unwinds the double helix of DNA?
Helicase
What molecule contains the codes for building any protein within a cell?
DNA
How many cells result from 1 turn through the cell cycle?
Before mitosis, what happens to the cell's DNA?
It is replicated (copied).
What causes cancer?
Mutations.
What rule is followed when pairing new bases to the old bases during replication?
Base-pair rule (A-T, G-C)
What are 3 cancer therapies?
Chemotherapy.
Radiation.
Surgery.
Cell cycle phase characterized by the alignment of chromosomes/DNA.
S-phase (Synthesis, Synthesis phase)
What structures are made of DNA and are visible during mitosis?
Chromosomes
What are the TWO jobs of gene p53?
Stop growth (cell cycle).
Initiate apoptosis.
The process of copying DNA before mitosis is called
replication.
A sample of DNA contains 12 % Adenine, what % does it contain of the other bases?
Thymine = 12%
Guanine = 38%
Cytosine = 38%
Cell cycle phase characterized by the separation of chromosomes/DNA.
Anaphase
How do the daughter cells compare genetically to the parent cell?
Identical (the same, clones).
What type of cancer is caused by the HPV virus?
Cervical cancer
This is known to cause about 2/3 of all cancers.
Mistakes during replication.
During this event, a cell is paused during the cell cycle and checked for mistakes.
Checkpoint.
Cell cycle phase characterized by the alignment of chromosomes/DNA.
Metaphase
What are 2 reasons for mitosis and the cell cycle?
Repair tissues (healing).
Growth of the organism.
What is the category of any organism, toxin, or exposure that causes the mutations that result in cancer?
Carcinogens
Why is replication described as being semi-conservative?
New DNA is made of both old DNA (template) that is paired with brand new nucleotides (1/2 Old DNA, 1/2 New DNA).
What is the leading cause of skin cancer?
UV radiation from sunlight.