WHAT
WHAT is cancer?
Cancer is a disease in which some of the body’s cells grow uncontrollably and spread to other parts of the body.
HOW many types of cancer you know?
three
WHY: how to avoid obesity in order to prevent cancer development? (which exactly food we should cut down).
Maintaining a healthy diet and adequate physical activity is the first step to preventing obesity. Nutritionists suggest cutting down on high-carb and high-fat foods to maintain good health.
WHAT DOES radiation therapy do?
Radiation therapy uses high doses of radiation to destroy cancerous tumors. The radiation causes cancer cells to break down and die
WHAT is the difference between normal and cancer cells?
Normal cells follow these instructions, but cancer cells ignore them.
HOW MANY: Blood cancer...
These are cancers that start in your blood cells or lymphatic system. Examples include leukemia, lymphoma and multiple myeloma.
WHY: which cancer diseases are most common in genetic cancer?
Breast, prostate, and colon cancers are the most common cancers in families. Sometimes, ovarian and pancreatic cancers may also be genetic.
WHAT TO DO: when does the patient need the targeted therapy?
You may get this type of treatment if you have cancer cells with certain mutations.
WHAT do your genes do to your cells?
Your genes send instructions to your cells — like when to start and stop growing, for example.
HOW MANY: Solid cancer...
This is the most common type of cancer, making up about 80% to 90% of all cases. This includes carcinoma that forms in epithelial tissue (like your skin, breast, colon and lungs) and sacroma that forms in bone and connective tissues.
WHY: which group of people is more inclined to have cancer?
people that are older than 60 y.o.
WHAT TO DO: in which case does the patient need the hormone therapy and why?
If you have hormone receptor-positive (HR+) cancer, you may need this type of cancer treatment.
WHAT do the normal cells do?
Normally, human cells grow and multiply (through a process called cell division) to form new cells as the body needs them. When cells grow old or become damaged, they die, and new cells take their place.
HOW MANY: Provide examples of blood and solid cancers...
Examples include leukemia, lymphoma and multiple myeloma (blood). Sarcomas, carcinomas, and lymphomas (solid).
WHY: Explain the effect of chronic inflammation on the cancer development?
Inflammation refers to the swelling of a body part due to an injury or infection. It may be a bacterial or viral infection caused by the entry of antigens and pathogens into the body.
WHAT TO DO: when does the common surgery needed? (say in which stage is cancer at that time)
metastasized
WHAT is benign?
Not cancer. Benign tumors may grow larger but do not spread to other parts of the body. Also called nonmalignant.
HOW MANY: Explain the TNM staging system
T - TUMOR (describes the size of the tumour): 1, 2, 3 or 4, with 1 being small and 4 large.
N - NODE (describes whether there are any cancer cells in the lymph nodes): between 0 and 3. 0 - no lymph nodes containing cancer cells. 3 - lots of lymph nodes containing cancer cells.
M - METASTASIS (describes whether the cancer has spread to a different part of the body): M0 - the cancer hasn't spread. M1 - the cancer has spread.
WHY: how does radiation (particularly gamma rays and technologies) effect on cancer development?
Gamma rays and x-rays can pass through your tissues and organs and ionize the molecules. The ionization of DNA molecules leads to unwanted changes that increase the chances of cancer development in people who work near radiation. Low-energy radiation, such as cell phone radiation, has been seen to produce cancer. At the same time, high-energy radiation like alpha, beta, and gamma rays may damage DNA composition, and the human genes as well.
WHAT TO DO: when does the patient need donor in order to treat the cancer?
1. Hemopoietic stem cell (bone marrow) transplant
2. Allogeneic: Replaces your stem cells with those from a donor. The donor must have bloodsimilar to yours, which means donors are usually close relatives.