Cancer Cell Biology
The cell cycle has these, which keep the cell from going to the next stage of the cell cycle until it is ready.
Checkpoints
This type of cancer can arise from sunburns.
Skin Cancer
Where does a virus reproduce itself?
In a host cell
This type of immune response is specific and has immunological memory.
Adaptive Immune Response
This macromolecule provides the genetic material for all life.
Nucleic Acids
This type of gene normally helps regulate and control cell growth.
Tumor Suppressor Gene
This type of cancer therapy kills fast-growing cells.
Chemotherapy
This genome type of virus needs extra proteins in order to replicate its genome.
RNA virus
This type of cell is part of the innate immune response and eats the infected cells/pathogens in the body.
Phagocyte
The molecule is the building block of proteins.
Amino Acid
This is when a cancer spreads to another part of the body.
Metastasis
These specific genes are commonly mutated in breast cancer.
BCRA1/2
Only some viruses have this component.
Envelope
This region of an antibody is different in each antibody to bind to specific pathogens.
This phase of the cell cycle is when DNA replication occurs.
S phase
Name 3 types of Carcinogens.
Chemical Carcinogens, UV rays, viruses
This gene is the most commonly mutated gene in human cancers.
p53
The capsid can take on these three different shapes in a virus.
Isocahedral, Filamentous, Head-Tail
Explain how a vaccine works.
insertion of weakened or killed part of a pathogen so the adaptive immune system can create a memory of it and kill the real invader upon entry to the body
Name the 4 bases of DNA, how they match up in a double stranded DNA molecule, and the shape that the double stranded DNA molecule makes.
Adenine, Thymine, Cytosine, Guanine
A-T, G-C
Double helix
Explain how a genetic predisposition for cancer arises.
A genetic predisposition to cancer can occur when we inherit only one healthy copy of a gene, and one nonfunctional or mutated copy. When this happens, then only ONE allele has to be randomly mutated for us to develop the cancer as opposed to both alleles.
This type of cancer starts in the skin or the tissues that line other organs.
Carcinoma
Explain the five steps of the viral life cycle.
1. Attachment (attach to the host cell)
2. Entry (enter the host cell)
3. Replication and Gene Expression
4. Assembly (reassemble virus particles)
5. Release (release viral particles to infect new cells)
This type of cell helps recruit cells that build antibodies.
Helper T cell
Name three general functions of proteins in the body.
Structural, Mechanical, Enzymes, Immune system, cell signaling