Pathophysiology
What is pernicious anemia?
Because iron is a component of healthy red blood cells, a hemoglobin level of 8 g/dL would indicate this as a potential problem.
What is iron deficiency anemia?
Patients with hemophilia may exhibit this outward sign -
What is bruising?
This commonly-prescribed NSAID can help with mild to moderate pain but may cause GI upset and increased risk for bleeding.
What is meloxicam (Mobic)?
What is indomethacin (Indocin)?
What are bleeding/injury precautions?
This self-exam is recommended for all women of childbearing age to be done about a week following the end of their monthly menstrual cycle.
What is a breast self-exam?
Because of hypervolemia and hypercoagulability, a client with this disorder will be at very high risk for thrombus formation.
What is polycythemia vera?
Type A - can receive A or 0
Type B - can receive B or O
Type AB - can receive any blood type
Type O - can donate to any blood type
What is ABO blood typing?
Fatigue, pain, and poor oxygenation are associated with this disorder -
What is sickle cell anemia?
This medication may be prescribed for clients with aplastic anemia levels - it will stimulate production of red blood cells.
What is epoetin alfa (Epogen)?
The nurse caring for a female client who underwent a left mastectomy would understand to do this following the surgery -
What is elevate the (left) operative arm on pillows to promote lymphatic drainage?
Men over the age of 50 should have this screen done annually by their primary healthcare provider to identify prostate cancer.
What is a digital rectal exam (DRE)?
Weight loss of 5% or more with decreased protein intake can cause the development of this problem often associated with cancer treatments.
What is malnutrition?
This lab panel would be drawn to identify the presence of iron-deficiency anemia.
What is ferritin (iron)?
What is stomatitis?
This is a drug used for cancer patients to help stimulate the appetite.
This would be a priority of care for the client in sickle cell crisis -
What is oxygenation?
What is pain management?
Young men should perform this screen monthly in the shower to help identify early signs of testicular cancer.
What is a testicular self-exam?
This substance is produced by the kidneys and helps with building of new blood cells - it may be low or absent in advanced kidney disease.
What is erythropoietin?
This lab would be drawn and analyzed to determine the therapeutic effects of antiretroviral medication therapy or to determine if disease is progressing in clients with HIV.
What is CD4 count?
Patients with leukemia and cancer often experience this combination of weight loss, malnutrition, and muscle wasting.
What is cachexia?
What is ondansetron (Zofran)?
Screening visitors
Restricting fresh flowers/fruits/vegetables
Enforcing hand hygiene
Keeping door to patient room closed
Avoiding frequent invasive procedures when possible
What are neutropenic precautions?
This lab test will help diagnose prostate cancer.
What is prostate specific antigen (PSA)?
Decreased urine output
Changes in breathing pattern
Decreased consciousness
Decreased bowel sounds
Dry mucous membranes
Mottling of skin
What are signs of impending death?
This procedure is performed in a provider's office with the female client in lithotomy position. The provider uses a speculum and curette to obtain a cervical tissue sample. The test is used to investigate and determine the presence of cervical cancer.
What is a Pap smear?
Changes in bowel/bladder habits
Sores that don't heal
White patches in the mouth or on the tongue
Unusual bleeding/discharge
Thickening or lumps on breast tissue
Indigestion or difficulty swallowing
Changes in moles, warts, or skin
Nagging/persistent cough or hoarseness
What are eight warning signs of cancer?
Clients who have undergone stem cell transplants often experience rejection and are prescribed this immunosuppressant drug.
Avoiding scented or oil-based hygiene products on area of treatment
Avoid removing skin markings by radiation oncologist
Avoid direct sunlight on irradiated skin
What are precautions to teach a person undergoing external radiation treatments?
This modifiable risk factor contributes to all types of cancer and co-morbidities such as cardiovascular disease, peripheral vascular disease, and lung disease.
What is smoking?
This disorder is caused by a retrovirus that is able to replicate the viral DNA and take over the human's immune system. It can be diagnosed with the Western Blot Assay and progression is tracked by looking at the CD4 count and the viral load. Patients who are infected with it can take antiretroviral therapy, which can potentially make them undetectable and able to live fulfilling lives.
What is HIV?
This is a painful, invasive procedure that harvests a piece of bone tissue, usually from the posterior iliac crest, to help diagnose leukemia and certain types of cancer.
What is a bone marrow biopsy?
This genetic disorder is passed to male children by their mothers and causes pain, swelling in joints, frequent bleeding, and bruising.
What is hemophilia?
This medication is available in many routes and is used to treat iron-deficiency anemia; is absorbs best on an empty stomach but could be taken with food if stomach upset occurs. Its absorption is blocked or slowed in the presence of calcium/dairy products, but beverages with Vitamin C can increase its absorption.
What is ferrous sulfate (iron)?
This should be practiced with every patient and helps to build rapport and improve data collection.
What is therapeutic communication?
Low fat, high fiber, low sugar, low intake of processed foods, high in fresh fruits and vegetables, limit red meats.
What is a healthy diet?