Benign vs malignant
invades and infiltrates surrounding tissue
malignant
cancer in the epithelial tissue
carcinoma
olivia almost died getting her flu shot last year. immunizations are which level of prevention
primary
pathologic classification of tumor cells I-IV
grading
how should you treat hypercalcemia
3-4 L of hydration per day to flush out excess calcium
monitor fluid and electrolytes and assess mental status
rapid growth
malignant
name one of the constitutional signs of cancer
Low grade fever, unexplained weight loss, overly fatigued, night sweats
while madelyn was taking pics of her yitties in the bathroom of TTT, she decided to get a mammogram. this is which type of prevention?
secondary
determines the size of the tumor, the existence of local invasion, lymph node involvement, and distant metastasis
staging
the nurse knows that a patient who is on chemotherapy should take medications orally rather than IM or IV because ....
they are at a high risk for bleeding
If you have to give IM, hold pressure for 5 mins
typically no tissue damage
benign
what are the 3 steps of carcinogenesis (or malignant transformation)
initiation, promotion, progression
treatment and managing side effects
tertiary prevention
which stage?
a tumor found early on, responds very well to treatment
stage 1
JB Jones has lung cancer and is experiencing upper body edema and venous congestion. what is the complication he is experiencing and what is the treatment for it?
Superior vena cava syndrome
elevate HOB, oxygen, radiation, chemo, corticosteroids
not normally fatal
benign
malignancy is increased when ...
angiogenesis occurs. new blood vessels grow to supply the malignancy to allow for growth, invasion, and metastasis
Sami attends a community event that talks about screening and detection for cancer. this is which type of prevention
secondary
which stage?
cancer has spread to lymph nodes and diagnosed late
stage IV (4)
Nicole is the nurse caring for olivia. olivia has new back pain with numbness and tingling. what is she most likely experiencing and what is the treatment for it
spinal cord compression
kyphoplasty, radiation, chemo, ROM, pain management, assess neurological function
Sami's patient was diagnosed with cancer. the doctor performed a biopsy. The biopsy results revealed undifferentiated cells. This type of neoplasm is
malignant
undifferentiated cells do not resemble normal cells
Technological advances that can identify unique characteristics of individual persons to focus on preventing and curing cancers
precision medicine
in tumor lysis syndrome, the tumor cells release their contents into the blood stream. what are the electrolyte levels with tumor lysis syndrome?
hyperkalemia - potassium spills out into the body
hypocalcemia