Hydrology
This term refers to the total amount of water vapor in the Earth's atmosphere
What is atmospheric moisture or humidity?
This term refers to the balance between the inputs and outputs of water in a particular region or system.
What is a water budget or hydrological budget?
The maximum size of sediment particles that a river can transport is known as this.
What is competence?
The part pf the river in direct contact with the water or the channel's banks.
What is wetted perimeter?
These are downward projecting ridges that alternate on eaither side of a river valley and alternate in sequence.
What is interlocking spurs?
It's the process by which water moves from the Earth's surface to the atmosphere through plant transpiration and soil evaporation.
What is evapotranspiration?
The area of land where all surface water drains into a specific river or water body is known as this.
What is a drainage basin or watershed?
This term refers to the total amount of sediment a river can carry and transport.
What is capacity?
The measure of a river's flow rate, typically in cubic meters per second (m³/s), is known as this.
What is discharge or streamflow?
These occur when there are alternating bands of hardner rocks jutting out across a river's bed.
What are rapids?
Rainwater that drips from leaves to the ground before reaching the soil is known as this.
What is throughfall or stem flow?
These human activities, such as urbanization and deforestation, can significantly impact the flow and characteristics of rivers within a drainage basin.
What are anthropogenic factors?
The process by which rivers wear away the Earth's surface and transport sediment is known as this.
What is erosion?
The efficiency of flow in a river channel is determined by this. Its calculation is Cross-sectional Area / Wetted Perimeter.
What is hydraulic radius?
The erosion of the outer banks of meanders leads to the formation of these steep features.
What are river cliffs?
These are the two primary processes of water movement through the soil.
What are infiltration and percolation?
This factor influences the shape and pattern of river networks and is often described as the slope of the land.
What is topography or gradient?
The total sediment in a river that is transported by rolling, sliding, and saltation is collectively known as this.
What is bedload?
In a river's channel, much energy is loss through ____, which results from contact between water, the bed and the bank.
What is friction?
These raised embankments alongside a river are formed by the deposition of sediment during floods.
What are levees?
A graph that shows the rise and fall of a river's discharge following a storm event is called this.
What is a storm hydrograph?
This measurement represents the total length of streams or rivers within a specific area.
What is drainage density?
This type of flow in a river channel is characterized by parallel, streamlined flow lines and is the fastest flow.
What is laminar flow?
The most efficient depth occurs at _______ when the channel is completely filled with water.
What is bankfull discharge?
These flat, elevated landforms are remnants of former floodplain levels, often created by changes in river course.
What are terraces?