Protein Structure
This basic building block of proteins has an amino and a carboxyl group.
Amino acid
Protein digestion starts here in the body
stomach
The three main macronutrients.
Carbs, protein, fat
One-unit sugars such as glucose
Monosaccharides
The very first place carbohydrate digestion begins.
mouth
Humans commonly use about this many different amino acids to build proteins.
20
Pancreatic enzymes keep breaking down proteins here.
Small intestine
Calories per gram in carbs or protein.
4
Names of common monosaccharides
Glucose, Fructose, Galactose
The most important carbohydrate
Glucose
These amino acids must come from food because the body cannot make them.
Essential amino acids
Proteins are broken down into amino acid chains of this length or shorter in order to be transported into the cells.
Tri- or three
This macronutrient has the most calories per gram.
Fat
Many (10+) sugar units linked together
Polysaccharide
What is unique about glucose that makes it important
cross the blood-brain barrier
These amino acids can be made by the body, but only when conditions are good.
Nonessential (or “conditionally nonessential”) amino acids
Type of acid in the stomach that begins breaking down proteins.
Hydrochloric acid
What is the recommended dietary calorie recommendation for an average adult?
2000 cal/day
Glucose + galactose = this sugar
lactose
This hormone moves carbohydrates into the cells.
Insulin
The chemical bond that links one amino acid to the next.
Peptide bond
Term for unwrapping of a protein structure
denature
When the body runs low on carbs, it may turn this macronutrient into glucose.
protein
Plant fiber made of glucose chains we can’t digest.
Cellulose
Carbohydrate that cannot be digested by humans
Dietary Fiber