Carbohydrate & Amyloid

Definitions

100

These two classifications of carbohydrates can't be demonstrated in tissue sections because of their solublity and small molecular size

Monosaccharides and Oligosaccharides 

200

Carbohydrates are organic compounds made up of these 3 elements

Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen

300

This is the only monosaccharide found in the body in any demonstrable quantity

Glucose

400

This is a fibrillar protein that deposits in tissue under certain pathologic conditions whose name means "starchlike"

Amyloid

500

This is the term for the reaction used to demonstrate iron bound to tissue in Muller-Mowry Colloidal Iron

Prussian blue

I'm going to "PAS" this test

100

This is the color of Schiff reagent

Colorless sometimes referred to as "leucofuchsin"

200

Adding a few drops of Schiff solution to this will help determine if the Schiff reagent is good or breaking down

Formaldehyde. If it turns rapidly reddish-purple the Schiff reagent is good

300

This is the role of periodic acid in PAS staining

Oxidizer

400

The Schiff reaction demonstrates this in tissues elements that were oxidized by periodic acid

Aldehydes

500

This is the most common reactive group in the oxidation of tissue elements to aldehydes by periodic acid in PAS

1,2-glycol group

Name That Stain

100

This is the best stain for demonstrating glycogen

Periodic Acid Schiff with and without Diastase

200

These stains can demonstrate the fungi Cryptococcus neoformans because of its mucinous capsule

Alcian Blue, Mayer Mucicarmine and Muller-Mowry Colloidal Iron. PAS can also demonstrate fungi with a fast green counterstain

300

This Carbohydrate stain will also demonstrate basement membrane

PAS

400

If the pH of this stain is above 2.0, there will be nonspecific background staining

Colloidal Iron

500

This stains only epithelial mucins

Mayer mucicarmine or Alcian Blue with Hyaluronidase

Other Carbohydrate Stains

100

This is the difference in tissue elements demonstrated in Alcian blue pH 2.5 compared to Alcian blue pH 1.0

Alcian blue 2.5: Acid mucopolysaccharides and glycoproteins (sulfated and/or carboxylated)

Alcian blue 1.0: Acid mucopolysaccharides and glycoproteins (sulfated only)

200

This can be found in human saliva and is what acts on glycogen to digest it to smaller sugar units in PAS with/without digestion methods

Alpha amylase

300

This is used to digest some connective tissue mucins to differentiate from epithelial mucins

Hyaluronidase

400

This causes the blue color in Alcian blue

Copper

500

This is the recommended control tissue for Mayer mucicarmine

Unautolyzed colon, small intestine, or appendix

Amyloid Stains

100

This type of microscope can be used with Congo red stains to increase specificity for amyloid

Polarizing microscope

200

Crystal Violet can stain tissue elements 2 different colors because it's this type of dye

Polychromatic (mixture of 2 basic dyes that stain different tissue elements)

300

This is a fluorescent dye used to demonstrate amyloid

Thioflavine T

400

This is the recommended thickness for Congo red sections to demonstrate green birefringence of amyloid

8-10 microns

500

This may cause control slides for Congo red to stain poorly

Prolonged storage of cut slides will cause staining intensity to decrease