Naming
What is the common name for sucrose?
Table sugar
What type of sugar is glucose?
Aldose
What does a ketose and an aldose contain?
- Ketose=Ketone
- Aldose=Aldehyde
Hemiacetal is what type of sugar? Acetal is what type of sugar?
Hemiacetal=Reducing sugar
Acetal=Non-reducing sugar
How do we take two sugars and make them bond together?
Dehydration
Your anomeric carbon has an OH attached and it is going down, what is the name of that molecule?
Beta
What type of sugar is galactose?
Ketose
Two sugars that are combined by a glycosidic bond is what?
(Think simple)
Disaccharide
What is an epimer of glucose?
Galactose
What is the bond that holds two sugars together?
Glycosidic bond
Looking at a fisher projection the 5th carbon on the glucose has a OH group on the right side, what would the name of this compound be?
D-Glucose
What sugars make up lactose? Where can you find lactose?
- Glucose and Galactose
- Milk
What is an anomeric carbon?
It is the carbon that determines if the sugar is beta or alpha. It is the carbon that is part of the functional group.
How do you get starch?
By a long repeating chain of glucoses attached by glycosidic chains.
Where is glycogen found?
Looking at a fisher projection the 5th carbon on the galactose has a OH group on the left side, what would the name of this compound be?
L-Galactose
What sugars make a sucrose and what bond is needed?
- Glucose and Fructose
- Alpha 1-2 glycosidic linkage
What is an epimer?
The same molecular compound, just changing one of the chiral carbons.
What are the two types of stratch?
-Amylose
-Amylopectin
Almost all sugars are in what orientation? Almost all amino acids are in what orientation?
Sugars= D
Amino acids= L
Your anomeric carbon has an OH attached and it is going down what structure is this? What is the name of that molecule?
- Haworth Projection
- Alpha
What sugars make a maltose and what bond is needed?
- 2 units of glucose
- Alpha 1-4 glycosidic linkage
What is a constitutional isomers?
The same molecular formula, but have a different functional group in it.
What does lactose intolerant mean?
The body is not able to digest lactose in the body, and this causes painful gas. Your body can not break the glycosidic bond, so it is unable to separate the two sugars.
What is interesting/important about artificial sugars?
They are ALOT more sweet than regular, naturally occurring sugars.