Basics
What elements make up carbohydrates?
Carbon, Hydrogen, and Oxygen (CHO)
What does “mono” mean in monosaccharide?
One
What does “di” mean in disaccharide?
Two
What does “poly” mean in polysaccharide?
Many
Which macromolecule does your body use first for quick energy?
Carbohydrates
What is the main job of carbohydrates in the body?
To give quick energy
A monosaccharide is one molecule of what?
Sugar
A disaccharide is made up of how many sugar molecules?
Two
Polysaccharides are made of many what linked together?
Monosaccharides (sugar units)
Why might an athlete eat pasta before a game?
To load up on carbohydrates for quick energy
What happens when you eat bread or pasta?
Your body turns the carbs into glucose (sugar) for energy
Give an example of a monosaccharide.
Glucose
What monosaccharides make up sucrose, and where is it found?
Glucose + Fructose; table sugar, fruits
Which polysaccharide stores energy in animals, and where is it found?
Glycogen; in the liver and muscles
If someone is lactose intolerant, what disaccharide are they unable to break down?
Lactose
Carbohydrates provide what kind of energy; short-term or long-term?
Short-term (quick) energy
How is glucose shaped?
Like a ring
What monosaccharides make up lactose, and where is it found?
Glucose + Galactose; milk and dairy products
Which polysaccharide gives structural support in plants, and where is it found?
Cellulose; in plant cell walls
Why is cellulose important for plants but not used for energy in humans?
Humans can’t digest cellulose, but plants use it for cell walls
Name three everyday foods that are carbohydrates.
Bread, rice, pasta, fruit, sugar
Why is glucose important for the body?
It is the main sugar that gives quick energy
What monosaccharides make up maltose, and where is it found?
Glucose + Glucose; malted foods, cereals
Explain why polysaccharides are important for living organisms.
They store energy (glycogen, starch) or give structure (cellulose)
Compare starch, glycogen, and cellulose: what do they have in common, and how are they different?
All are polysaccharides; starch stores energy in plants, glycogen stores energy in animals, cellulose gives structure to plants