Properties of Carbon
How many bonds do the four forms of carbon make? List all forms.
Diamond: 4
Graphite: 3
Fullerenes: 3
Nanotubes: 3
What is an organic compound? What is a polymer?
An organic is a compound that contains carbon. A polymer is a molecule made out of smaller molecules called monomers.
List the four types of complex carbohydrates.
Cellulose, chitin, starch, sucrose
Why can humans digest starch and not cellulose?
Humans contain the enzymes to break down starch. Starch is also a carbohydrate and we can break down carbs. However, since humans don't have the enzymes to break down cellulose, plus the fact that cellulose (fiber) is much stronger than starch, we just don't break it down.
Why is graphite used in pencils?
What is a hydrocarbon? List the properties.
Hydrocarbon: a compound that only contains the elements carbon and hydrogen.
It is hydrophobic and extremely flammable.
What are amino acids made out of, and what are they?
A monomer and building block of proteins. They are made out of carboxyl group (一COOH).
Of fat and oils, which are saturated/unsaturated?
Fats: saturated
Oils: unsaturated
List the three ways in which carbon can bond.
Straight Chain
Branch Chain
Ring
What are ALL the of the properties of a hydrocarbon? (there are 5)
Low melting and boiling points
Are liquids and gases at room temperature
Have strong odors
No electrical conductivity
Hydrophobic
What is cholesterol?
A waxy substance found in all animal cells. The body uses it to build cell structures and form compounds that are chemical messengers.
How do nucleotides in DNA make differences in living things?
The differences in living things depend on the order of nucleotides in DNA. The order of DNA nucleotides determines a related order in RNA. The order of the RNA nucleotides determines the sequences of amino acids that determines what kinds of proteins made by a living cell.
What is the melting point of diamond?
3500°F
What is the difference between an isomer and an element.? List an example of an isomer and how it is different from a regular compound or element.
An isomer is a compound with the same chemical formula as an element but a different structural formula. An example of an isomer is isobutane, with the compound being butane.
Out of vitamins, water, and minerals, which are not organic compounds?
Water and minerals
What carbohydrate is found in fungus?
chitin
What are fullerenes also called?
Buckyballs
List the differences and similarities between esters and alcohols. How are esters created?
Bonus: How are alcohols created?
Esters and alcohols are both substituted hydrocarbons. However, alcohol has one or more hydroxyl groups, while esters contain one or more carboxyl groups. Esters are created by combining an alcohol and an organic acid.
Bonus: alcohols are created by fermenting a natural source of sugar with a catalyst. As it ferments, the starch and sugars turn into carbon dioxide and ethyl alcohol.
Why are lipids and carbohydrates so similar yet so different?
Gram for gram, lipids release double the amount of energy that carbohydrates release. Carbohydrates release less energy.
What type of bond is C2H4?
double