Carbon & Carbs
These are the building blocks that link together to form polymers.
What are monomers?
Lipids do not dissolve in water, making them what?
What is insoluble?
Proteins are made of these monomers.
What are amino acids?
The sugar found in RNA nucleotides.
What is ribose?
The exoskeletons of arthropods and cell walls of fungi contain this polysaccharide.
What is chitin?
A reaction that joins two monomers by removing water is called this.
What is dehydration synthesis?
These molecules form the bilayer structure of cell membranes.
What are phospholipids?
The region of an enzyme that binds the substrate is called this.
What is the active site?
A sequence of DNA that codes for a specific protein is called this.
What is a gene?
The covalent bond that connects amino acids together is called this.
What is a peptide bond?
The most common monosaccharides are glucose, fructose, and galactose, which are examples of this type of molecule with the same formula but different structures.
What are isomers?
The bond that links amino acids together is called this.
What is a peptide bond?
Altering a protein’s shape with heat, pH, or salt concentration is called this.
What is denaturation?
Unlike DNA, RNA contains this nitrogenous base instead of thymine
What is uracil?
A long chain of amino acids linked together forms this.
What is a polypeptide?
The process of breaking polymers into monomers by adding water is called this.
What is hydrolysis?
This type of fat has no double bonds, is saturated with hydrogen, and is solid at room temperature.
What are saturated fats?
Two regions of an enzyme that an inhibitor can bind to preventing or slowing down catalysis.
What is the active site and allosteric site?
This type of chemical bond holds the two strands of DNA together between nitrogenous bases.
What are hydrogen bonds?
The three parts of a nucleotide are these.
What are a phosphate group, a pentose sugar, and a nitrogenous base?
This polysaccharide strengthens bacterial cell walls.
What is peptidoglycan?
The structural molecules that can from a triglyceride.
What are three fatty acids and one glycerol?
The part of an amino acid that makes each one unique is called this.
What is the R group (side chain)?
The substance an enzyme acts on is called this.
What is the substrate?
Name two polysaccharides (one in humans and one in plants) that are used to store excess energy.
What are glycogen and starch?