Carbon Framework
What element forms the backbone of all organic molecules?
Carbon
Name a simple sugar that is the primary energy source for cells.
Glucose
Which disaccharide is commonly known as table sugar?
Name the sugar monomers used in starch and cellulose.
What are the two types of molecules that make up a triglyceride?
Glycerol and Fatty acids
What type of bond allows carbon to form stable chains and rings?
Covalent Bond
Write the chemical formula for a pentose sugar.
C5H10O5
Name the type of bond linking monosaccharides in a disaccharide.
Glycosidic bond
Which polysaccharide is used by animals for short-term energy storage in the liver and muscles?
Name the bond formed between glycerol and fatty acids.
Ester bond
Name the process in which water is removed to form a bond between monomers.
Dehydration reaction
What do you call a sugar whose carbonyl group is located at the end of the molecule?
Aldose
Give the monomers of maltose.
2 glucose molecules
Which type of starch has more branches and is digested more quickly?
Amylopectin
Fatty acids that do not pack closely due to double bonds.
What type of reaction breaks a polymer into monomers by adding water?
Hydrolysis
Which form of glucose has the –OH group on the anomeric carbon pointing up in the ring structure?
Beta (β)
What type of reaction links monosaccharides to form a disaccharide?
What type of glucose linkage makes starch digestible but cellulose indigestible?
Alpha (α) linkages
Which of the following triacylglycerol has a higher percentage of unsaturated fatty acids?
butter, margarine, sunflower oil, or lard
sunflower oil
What are the monomers of proteins?
Amino Acids
What are the isomers of glucose?
fructose and galactose
Write the chemical formula for sucrose.
C₁₂H₂₂O₁₁
How does a higher amylose content in food affect its glycemic index?
lower glycemic index (slower glucose release)
Lipids are mostly hydrophobic because they are made largely of what type of chemical region?
Hydrocarbons