Cardiac
MI's
Arrhythmias
Heart Failure
Final Jeopardy
100
When is blood flow to the hear the greatest?
Diastole or Systole?
Diastole.
Due to contraction of cardiac vessels.
100
If a patient is experiencing a STEMI, how much blood flow (and oxygen) is being occluded?
100%
100
What are the types of AV node arrhythmia?
1st Degree AV Block
2nd Degree AV Block
3rd Degree AV Block (complete heart block)
100
Your obtaining a history on your new patient and he makes the remark of needing so many pillows to get a good nights sleep. After asking him what he means by that he states he feels so short of breath when he lays down in bed. What is your primary cardiac concern that you would mention to the physician?
Your patient is describing paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea which is a common symptom of LEFT Ventricular Heart Failure.
200
Are myocardial fibers able to regenerate?
NO
Once myocardial muscle dies it is replaced with nonfunctional tissue
200
How would you know a patient is experiencing a STEMI on a ECG?
S-T elevation
200
What is the most commonly seen atrial conduction abnormality?
Afib/Aflutter
200
Heart Failure on an echocardiogram is defined by a an ejection fraction of less than ____%.
40%
300
Which cardiac marker (in blood work) indicates cardiac cell death when elevated the quickest?
Troponin
Troponin is a type of protein found in heart and skeletal muscle cells that helps your muscles contract
300
Is thrombolytic therapy 1st line treatment for myocardial infarctions?
No, thrombolytic therapy is reserved for when PCI is impossible for a patient. Primary PCI (angioplasty and stenting) is the gold-standard treatment for a STEMI because it is more effective and carries a lower risk of stroke. Thrombolytic therapy serves as a critical, life-saving fallback when PCI is unavailable.
300
How quickly should thrombolytic therapy be given to a patient from arrival to the hospital?
30 minutes.
300
Cor pulmonale is a respiratory disease that causes which side of the heart to become enlarged?
The right side.
400
What is a ventricular aneurysm?
A weakened, bulging area of the heart wall.
400
What is the goal time from "Door to Balloon" for a patient needing a PCI upon arrival to the hospital for a heart attack.
90 minutes.
If a patient first arrives to a facility without a cath lab the time is extended to 120 minutes.
400
Is systole a shockable rhythm? Why?
No it is not a shockable rhythm.
It isn't shockable because there is no electrical activity to shock.
400
How does Nitric Oxide work to aid in
It acts as a strong vasodilator to dilate the blood within the heart.
400
How is Endocarditis confirmed on an Echocardiogram?
the presence of "vegetation" on the heart valves.
500
When do you feel a sharp stabbing pain when you have a pericardial friction rub?
Inspiration
500
What is the main difference between a troponin (cTnl) and CPK-MB (Creatine Phosphokinase)?
a troponin can stay elevated after a heart attack for up to a week (sometimes longer) while a CPK-MB returns to baseline within 3-4days. Allowing healthcare providers to detect a reinfarction (a second heart attack)
500
For 250 points: what is this rhythm?
For 250 points: Is this shockable?
Ventricular Fibrillation (VFib)
Yes it is shockable. (VFIB=DFIB)
500
LEFT sided HF causes fluid to back up into the ______, where as RIGHT sided HF causes fluid to back up into the _____.
Left-sided heart failure causes fluid to back up into the LUNGS, resulting in shortness of breath and coughing, while right-sided heart failure causes fluid to back up into the rest of the BODY, leading to swelling in the legs, ankles, and abdomen (ascites).
500
You are doing an admission assessment on a new patient who arrived to your unit. While reviewing their PMHx the patient tells you they have Atrial Fibrillation. What medication do you expect them to be on at home?
Anticoagulant
The chaotic quivering of the upper heart chambers allows blood to pool, forming dangerous clots that can travel to the brain and cause an ischemic stroke