Cardiac arrest & MIs

Basic concepts of cardiac arrest

100

This is the primary life-saving technique used in a cardiac arrest situation to restore blood flow to organs 

What is CPR?

200

This is the recommended compression rate per minute for adult CPR

What is 100 - 120 compressions per minute? 

300

The ideal compression depth for adults during CPR. 

What is 2 inches (5 cm)?

400

This is the most common cause of cardiac arrest in adults, often associated with coronary artery disease.

What is a myocardial infarction (heart attack)?

500

The common electrolyte imbalance that may lead to cardiac arrest.

What is hyperkalemia (increased potassium)?

Diagnostics

100

This diagnostic test is essential for differentiating between STEMI and NSTEMI in patients with chest pain.

What is an electrocardiogram?

200

This is the biomarker typically elevated in both STEMI and NSTEMI, indicating myocardial injury.

What is troponin?

300

STEMI is characterized by this specific change seen on an ECG.

What is ST- segment elevation?

400

This diagnostic procedure is commonly done after initial stabilization to assess coronary artery blockage.

What is an angiogram?

500

An elevation level of this marker in blood can indicate tissue damage due to ischemia, following a cardiac arrest.

What is lactate?

Signs and symptoms

100

This is the most common symptom reported by patients experiencing NSTEMI or STEMIs.

What is chest pain (angina)? 

200

This is a common neurological symptom seen in patients right before a sudden cardiac arrest event.

What is anxiety or feelings of dread?

300

This skin color change is a sign of reduced oxygenation in cardiac arrest.

What is cyanosis (pale, blue, grey)? 

Treatment

100

This medication is the first line of defence for chest pain experienced by patients. 

What is nitroglycerin?

200

This medication is given for patients experiencing STEMIs to prevent clot formation.

What is aspirin?

300

These medications are given long term after STEMI or NSTEMI to reduce cholesterol and prevent further plaque buildup. 

What are statins? 

400

These medications are given to help manage cardiac workload and control heart rate and blood pressure.

What are beta-blockers? 

500

This procedure is preferred method for reperfusion for STEMI patients, within a 90 minute window from initial detection. 

What is percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI)?