Congenital Cardiac Defects
The most common birth defect in the United States.
What is a congenital heart defect?
This is a cardiac defect that involves left to right shunting, leads to right atrial enlargement, right ventricular volume overload, increased pulmonary blood flow and possibly CHF.
These infants may be asymptomatic well into adulthood.
What is an ASD (Atrial Septal Defect)?
This is a narrowing of this valve, the most common type in the structure of the valve leaflets which obstructs blood flow from the left ventricle.
What is aortic stenosis?
This is an condition that can result post Strep infection and can negatively effect a child's heart.
What is Rheumatic Fever?
These conditions increase pulmonary blood flow:
(Name at least two)
What is:
VSD, ASD, PDA
This is a Hole between the Right and Left Atria that shunts blood
What is the Foramen Ovale?
This is the most common congenital heart defect. Involves left to right shunting, left ventricular volume overload, left atrial enlargement and increased pulmonary blood flow.
What is a Ventricular Septal Defect? (VSD)
This is critical medical therapy used in infants with aortic stenosis who require ductal dependent systemic blood flow.
What is Prostaglandin E1?
This rare condition may occur where a child has inflammation of the blood vessels. It can cause a high fever, rash, and a "strawberry tongue."
What is Kawasaki Disease?
This is a rare defect in which a single great artery arises from the ventricles of the heart.
What is Truncus Arteriosus?
This shunts blood between the pulmonary artery and the aorta.
What is the Ductus Arteriosus?
This is a congenital heart defect that involves 4 major issues in the heart.
What is Tetralogy of Fallot?
This is a severe narrowing of the Aorta near the Ductus Arteriosus.
What is Coarctation of the Aorta?
These four issues occur in this cardiac defect:
Pulmonary Stenosis, Right Ventricular Hypertrophy, Overriding Aorta & VSD
What is Tetralogy of Fallot?
This is a cardiac defect in which the positions of the aorta and the pulmonary artery are reversed.
What is Transposition of the Great Arteries?
This defect has a loud "machine like sounding" murmur:
What is the PDA?
This involves an absence of a septum between the atria and ventricles. The most common congenital heart defect in infants with Trisomy 21.
What is AVSD, atrioventricular septal defect?
This is a serious spectrum of lesions involving abnormal development of the left side cardiac structures (mitral valve, left ventricle, and aortic valve)
What is HLHS (hypoplastic left heart syndrome)?
These are the risk factors for congenital heart disease (name at least two)
What are maternal infections, maternal alcohol or substance abuse
These are defects that decrease pulmonary blood flow:
(Name at least two)
What is:
Tricuspid Atresia
Tetralogy of Fallot
This procedure is predominantly used to treat congenital heart defects:
What is a heart cath?
These are medications that are used to treat infants with severe AVSD's.
What are diuretics and digoxin?
These are cyanotic spells in which babies are considered "Blue Babies" (they do not have enough oxygenated blood) during crying or feeding.
What are "Tet Spells?"
(Due to Tetralogy of Fallot)
This is the position that a RN would need to put an infant in when having a "Tet Spell."
What is knee to chest position.
For an older child, squatting may be preferred.
This is an infection of the inner lining of the heart & valves and can enter the bloodstream of a child.
What is Infective Endocarditis.