Coronary Artery Disease
This is the most common cause of coronary artery disease.
What is atherosclerosis?
This heart structure becomes infected in infective endocarditis.
What is the endocardium (heart valves)?
Chest pain relieved by sitting up and leaning forward suggests this condition.
What is pericarditis?
This abnormal heart sound is often the first sign of valvular disease.
What is a murmur?
This side of heart failure commonly causes crackles and pulmonary congestion.
What is left-sided heart failure?
Chest pain that occurs with activity and is relieved by rest or nitroglycerin.
What is stable angina?
These diagnostic tests should be obtained before starting antibiotics.
What are blood cultures?
The most common cause of myocarditis.
What is a viral infection?
The primary diagnostic test used to evaluate valve function.
What is an echocardiogram?
This laboratory test is commonly elevated in heart failure.
What is BNP?
This cardiac biomarker is considered the gold standard for diagnosing myocardial injury.
What is troponin?
These three classic skin findings are associated with infective endocarditis.
What are Osler's nodes, Janeway lesions, and splinter hemorrhages?
Diffuse ST-segment elevation and PR depression are ECG findings seen with this disorder.
What is pericarditis?
Patients with prosthetic valves taking warfarin require monitoring of this laboratory value.
What is the INR?
Patients with heart failure should perform this daily at the same time each morning.
What is daily weight monitoring?
This procedure uses a balloon and stent to open blocked coronary arteries.
What is percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI)?
The primary treatment for infective endocarditis is prolonged administration of these medications.
What are IV antibiotics?
This life-threatening complication occurs when fluid compresses the heart.
What is cardiac tamponade?
These are the two surgical options used to correct valvular disease.
What are valve repair and valve replacement?
These medications reduce fluid overload by decreasing preload.
What are diuretics?
A patient should call 911 if chest pain is not relieved after taking this medication three times, 5 minutes apart.
What is nitroglycerin?
Patients with a history of infective endocarditis may require these before dental procedures.
What are prophylactic antibiotics?
Athletes diagnosed with myocarditis should avoid this until medically cleared.
What are strenuous or competitive sports?
Patients taking warfarin should keep their intake of this type of food consistent.
What are green leafy vegetables?
Name four symptoms patients should report as signs of worsening heart failure.
What are shortness of breath, edema, orthopnea, fatigue, rapid weight gain, or increased swelling?