HEART STRUCTURE
THIS IS HOW TO CALCULATE CARDIAC OUTPUT
WHAT IS HEART RATE X STROKE VOLUME?
REPORTS OF ABDOMNAL FULLNESS, CHRONIC FATIGUE DESPITE ADEQUATE REST, AND THE INABILITY TO CATCH THEIR BREATH.
WHAT ARE COMMON SYMPTOMS OF MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION IN WOMEN?
THE AMOUNT OF FORCE GENERATED BY THE LEFT VENTRICLE TO DISTRIBUTE BLOOD INTO THE AORTA WITH EACH CONTRACTION
WHAT IS SYSTOLIC BLOOD PRESSURE?
CIGARETTE SMOKING, LEADING A SEDENTARY LIFESTYLE, ONLY EXERCISING 20 MINUTES A WEEK, AND BEING HIGHLY COMPETETIVE, AND HYPERLIPIDEMIA.
WHAT ARE RISK FACTORS FOR HEART DISEASE?
THIS CARDIAC GLYCOSIDE REDUCES EXACERBATIONS OF HEART FAILURE, BUT IS NOT GIVEN IF THE APICAL HEART RATE IS UNDER 60.
WHAT IS DIGOXIN?
NEUROHORMONES PRODUCED AND RELEASED BY THE VENTRICLES AS THEY STRETCH IN RESPONSE TO FLUID OVERLOAD FROM HEART FAILURE
WHAT ARE B-TYPE NATRIURETIC PEPTIDES?
BLOCKAGE IN THE LEFT ANTERIOR DESCENDING ARTERY, BEFORE IT BRANCHES OFF INTO THE LEFT CIRCUMFLEX ARTERY IS OFTEN CALLED THIS
WHAT IS THE WIDOWMAKER?
THIS MYOCARDIAL MUSCLE PROTEIN IS RELEASED INTO THE BLOODSTREAM WHEN CARDIAC MUSCLE IS DAMAGED AND SHOULD BE MEASURED EVERY FEW HOURS IF A MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION IS SUSPECTED
WHAT IS TROPONIN I ?
SYSTOLIC BP PLUS TWICE THE DIASTOLIC BP, DIVIDED BY 3 EQUALS THIS MEASUREMENT, AND NEEDS TO BE AT LEAST 60 MM HG IN ORDER TO PERFUSE BLOOD TO THE CARDIAC TISSUE
WHAT IS A MEAN ARTERIAL PRESSURE? (MAP)
THIS IS THE EARLIEST INDICATOR OF HEART FAILURE THAT CAN BE ASSESSED
WHAT IS WEIGHT GAIN?
WHEN ALL OF THE LEADS ON A 12 LEAD ECG HAVE ST ELEVATION, THIS CONDITION WILL BE SUSPECTED
WHAT IS PERICARDITIS?
SYMPTOMS INCLUE DEPENDENT EDEMA, WEIGHT GAIN, AND POLYURIA AT NIGHT
WHAT IS RIGHT VENTRICULAR HEART FAILURE?
CARDIAC CONTRACTION IS THE RESULT OF THE RELEASE OF LARGE NUMBERS OF THIS ION FROM THE SARCOMERES IN CARDIAC MUSCLES
WHAT IS CALCIUM?
THE MOST DEFINITIVE, BUT MOST INVASIVE, TEST IN DIAGNOSING HEART DISEASE
WHAT IS CARDIAC CATHETERIZATION?
A SYSTOLIC BP OF OVER 140 MM HG OR DIASTOLIC BP OF OVER 90 MM HG MEETS THE CRITERIA FOR THIS CONDITION
WHAT IS HYPERTENSION?
WHEN ATRIAL FIBRILLATON IS PRESENT, BUT IT IS NOT CERTAIN HOW LONG IT HAS BEEN PRESENT, THIS TEST MUST BE DONE BEFORE CARDIOVERSION,TO LOOK FOR CLOTS IN THE LEFT ATRIAL APPENDAGE
WHAT IS AN TRANSESOPHAGEAL ECHOCARDIOGRAM?
THIS RHYTHM IS PRESENT WHEN IT IS DIFFICULT TO DETECT THE PRESENCE OF A P-WAVE ON THE RHYTHM STRIP AND THE VENTRICULAR BEATS ARE IRREGULAR
WHAT IS ATRIAL FIBRILLATION?
THE TYPE OF VENTRICULAR TACHYCARDIA THAT APPEARS ON THE MONITOR AS A TWISTING OF POINTS, LIKE A TWISTED PARTY STREAMER,CALLED TORSADES DES POINTES, IS TREATED WITH THIS DRUG
WHAT IS MAGNESIUM ?
THIS IS THE ONLY HEART VALVE THAT NORMALLY HAS ONLY TWO LEAVES, AND ALLOWS FOR BLOOD FLOW FROM THE LEFT ATRIUM INTO THE LEFT VENTRICLE
WHAT IS THE MITRAL VALVE? (OR BICUSPID)
THIS LAB VALUE MUST BE BELOW 1.6 BEFORE A CLIENT CAN BE GIVEN DYE IN THE CATH LAB, TO PREVENT SERIOUS DAMAGE TO THE KIDNEYS
WHAT IS SERUM CREATININE?
THE SOUND HEARD WITH THE BELL OF THE STETHOSCOPE WHEN BLOOD IS ALLOWED TO FLOW BACKWARD THROUGH A VALVE THAT DID NOT CLOSE COMPLETELY
WHAT IS A MURMUR?
THIS IS THE AREA WHERE THE STETHOSCOPE IS PLACED TO AUSCULTATE THE AORTIC VALVE
WHAT IS RIGHT OF THE STERNUM AT THE SECOND INTERCOSTAL SPACE?
WHEN THE VENTRICLES DO NOT SQUEEZE, BUT QUIVER IRRATICALLY, RESULTING IN A LACK OF BLOOD PRESSURE AND LOSS OF OXYGEN TO THE BRAIN
WHAT IS VENTRICULAR FIBRILLATION?
WHAT IS LEFT VENTRICULAR HEART FAILURE?
TISSUES IN THE LEFT ATRIUM ARE OFTEN IRRITATED BY ELECTRICAL SPARKS EMITTED BY THESE VESSLES
WHAT ARE THE PULMONARY VEINS?
ELEVATION OF THIS SEGMENT OF THE ECG INDICATES INFARCTION IN THE CARDIAC MUSCLE
WHAT IS THE ST SEGMENT?
TO DETERMINE THE EFFECTIVENESS OF WARFARIN TO PREVENT CLOT FORMATION, THIS LAB VALUE SHOULD BE BETWEEN 2 AND 3 FOR ATRIAL FIBRILLATION, AND BETWEEN 3 AND 4 FOR ARTIFICIAL VALVES.
WHAT IS THE INTERNATIONAL NORMALIZED RATIO?
HEARD WITH THE DIAPHRAGM OF THE STETHOSCOPE AT THE LEFT LOWER STERNAL BORDER, THIS SCRATCHY, HIGH-PITCHED SOUND IS PRODUCED WHEN THE INFLAMED, ROUGHENED PERIDARDIAL SURFACES PASS OVER EACH OTHER
WHAT IS A PERICARDIAL FRICTION RUB?
PRODUCED WHEN MORE THAN ONE AREA IN THE VENTRICLES IS IRRITATED, THIS TERM DESCRIBES WIDE, EARLY BEATS THAT DO NOT LOOK SIMILAR
WHAT ARE MULTIFOCAL PVC'S?
WHAT IS THE NEW YORK HEART ASSOCIATION CLASSIFICATION SYSTEM?