Beta blockers
What do Beta blockers typically end in?
lol.
what doe Ace inhibitor meds typically end in?
pril
what should people on calcium channel blockers avoid?
Grapefruit.
What precaution should patients take to maintain the potency of their nitroglycerin tablets?
Store them in a cool, dark place in their original glass container, as they can lose potency if exposed to light or air.
Which blood test is commonly used to monitor patients on warfarin therapy?
INR
What is a common contraindication for the use of beta blockers?
Asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), as beta blockers can cause bronchoconstriction
Which electrolyte imbalance is most commonly associated with ACE inhibitors?
Hyperkalemia.
What is a common side effect of calcium channel blockers like amlodipine?
Peripheral edema.
What is the primary adverse effect of nitrates like nitroglycerin that patients often experience?
headache due to vasodialtion.
What is the reversal agent for warfarin in case of an overdose?
Vitamin K.
What is the primary mechanism of action of beta blockers in managing hypertension?
Beta blockers reduce heart rate and decrease myocardial contractility by blocking the effects of adrenaline on beta receptors, leading to lower blood pressure.
What is the most common side effect associated with ACE inhibitors?
Persistent cough
What should be monitored closely in patients taking both calcium channel blockers and beta blockers?
Heart rate and blood pressure, as the combination can lead to bradycardia and hypotension.
Why are nitrates contraindicated with ED meds?
The combination can create extreme vasodialtion.
What is a serious potential side effect of all anticoagulants that nurses should monitor for?
Bleeding, or internal bleeding
What is a common side effect of beta blockers that patients may report, especially when first starting the medication?
Fatigue or bradycardia (slow heart rate).
Which lab values should be monitored regularly in patients on ACE inhibitors?
Serum potassium and renal function (BUN, creatinine).
What are the two main subclasses of calcium channel blockers?
Dihydropyridines (e.g., amlodipine) and non-dihydropyridines (e.g., verapamil, diltiazem).
What is the appropriate method of administering nitroglycerin during an acute angina episode?
Place one nitroglycerin tablet sublingually (under the tongue) and wait 5 minutes; if pain persists, repeat the dose up to 3 times
What antidote is used for reversing the effects of heparin?
Protamine sulfate
What should nurses monitor before administering beta blockers to patients?
Blood pressure and heart rate. If the heart rate is too low (<60 bpm) or the blood pressure is too low, the dose may need to be held.
What is the primary mechanism by which ACE inhibitors lower blood pressure?
They inhibit the conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II, a potent vasoconstrictor, thereby promoting vasodilation and reducing blood pressure.
Which calcium channel blocker is commonly used to treat angina due to its ability to dilate coronary arteries?
Amidopine
What is the usual onset of action for sublingual nitroglycerin?
1-3 minutes
How does warfarin interact with antibiotics like trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (Bactrim)?
Antibiotics like Bactrim can increase the anticoagulant effect of warfarin, raising the risk of bleeding, so INR levels should be closely monitored