Cardiac Pharm
Cardiac Phys
The Electric Company
ABCs
Cardiac Pot Pourri
100
In a failing heart, these maintain hemodynamic stability for short periods until they fail.
What are catecholemines?
100
The primary determinant of SVR.
What is arteriolar tone? (arteriolar resistance, arteriolar pressure). It's the arterioles, folks!
100
The plateau phase that lasts 0.2-0.3 seconds follows this.
What is the spike in the cardiac action potential?
100
This structure is located in the septal wall of the right atrium, just anterior to the opening of the coronary sinus.
What is the AV node?
100
The Phase or name of activation (opening) of the voltage-gated Na+ channels in the cardiac action potential.
What is the Upstroke. (Spike, depolarization)
200
These two opioids used in surgery can depress cardiac conduction.
What are fentanyl and sufentanil?
200
The formula, EDV - ESV / EDV gives us this.
(End diastolic volume - End systolic volume) / End diastolic volume
What is the formula for Ejection Fraction (EF)?
200
The abrupt opening of voltage-gated sodium channels, is represented on the cardiac action potential image as this.
What is the spike or depolarization?
200
These are three factors that affect preload.
What are:
blood volume, Posture, intrathoracic pressure, pericardial pressure, vneous tone, rhythm, atrial contraction, heart rate, SVR
200
Potent inhaled anesthetics depress this structure and function.
What is SA node automaticity?
300
This local anesthetic preferentially binds to open or inactivated sodium channels, making it more cardiotoxic.
What is bupivicaine? (Marcaine)
300
These are three factors that affect preload.
What are:
blood volume, Posture, intrathoracic pressure, pericardial pressure, vneous tone, rhythm, atrial contraction, heart rate, SVR
300
The primary route for calcium entry into a cardiac, skeletal, or muscle cell.
What are L-type calcium channels?
300
In an intact heart, equated to ventricular wall tension during systole, or is also the arterial impedance to ejection.
What is afterload?
300
This is the mechanism of action of dobutamine.
What is Beta1 / Beta2 adrenergic receptor agonist?
400
This ion-based classification of drugs is often employed peri-operatively as antihypertensives or anti-arrhythmics.
What are calcium channel blockers? (verapamil, lisinopril)
400
A few examples of endothelium-derived factors that are metabolically active.
What are nitric oxide, prostatcyclin, thromboxane A2, protein C, Thrombobodulin, tissue plasminogen activator?
400
Under anesthesia, decreasing Ca++ entry into cardiac cells is caused by this anesthetic.
What are inhalational agents? (Sevoflurane, Desflurane, Forane, or volatile anesthetic action on cardiac cells)
400
The vessel that is the blood supply to the inter-ventricular septum.
What is the left coronary artery?
400
This is a drug that raises sarcoplasmic reticulum calcium levels by inhibiting the Na/K pump.
What is Digoxin? (Lanoxin, Dig)
500
The enzyme system that places Ca++ back into the sarcoplasmic reticulum and causes the relaxation of actin and myosin bridges.
What is the Ca++ - Mg++ - ATPase pump?
500
The nervous system that primarily controls the systemic vasculature.
What is the sympathetic?
500
Specific calcium channels that are affected during depolarization of the cardiac cycle.
What are T-type and L-type calcium channels.
500
This is the formula for MAP.
What is:
Diastolic pressure + (pulse pressure/3)
or
MAP = DP + 1/3(SP – DP)
500
Phase 3 in the cardiac action potential represents this.
What is repolarization?