Medicate
Excessive alcohol use while on warfarin (Coumadin) therapy leads to:
A. decreased anticoagulation effect.
B. decreased international normalized ratio.
C. increased anticoagulation effect.
D. increased vitamin K absorption.
C. increased anticoagulation effect.
When caring for a patient who has intermittent claudication, the cardiac-vascular nurse advises the patient to:
A. apply graduated compression stockings before getting out of bed.
B. elevate the legs when sitting.
C. refrain from exercise.
D. walk as tolerated.
D. walk as tolerated.
Which of the following is the most common symptom of myocardial infarction (MI)?
A. Chest pain
B. Dyspnea
C. Edema
D. Palpitations
A. Chest pain
Which of the following symptoms is most commonly associated with left-sided heart failure?
A. Crackles
B. Arrhythmias
C. Hepatic engorgement
D. Hypotension
A. Crackles
Stimulation of the sympathetic nervous system produces which of the following responses?
A. Bradycardia
B. Tachycardia
C. Hypotension
D. Decreased myocardial contractility
B. Tachycardia
Stimulation of the sympathetic nervous system causes tachycardia and increased contractility. The other symptoms listed are related to the parasympathetic nervous system, which is responsible for slowing the heart rate.
What is the primary reason for administering morphine to a client with an MI?
A. To sedate the client
B. To decrease the client’s pain
C. To decrease the client’s anxiety
D. To decrease oxygen demand on the client’s heart
D. To decrease oxygen demand on the client’s heart
Which of the following tests is used most often to diagnose angina?
A. Chest x-ray
B. Echocardiogram
C. Cardiac catheterization
D. 12-lead electrocardiogram (ECG)
D. 12-lead electrocardiogram (ECG)
Which of the following blood tests is most indicative of cardiac damage?
A. Lactate dehydrogenase
B. Complete blood count (CBC)
C. Troponin I
D. Creatine kinase (CK)
C. Troponin I
Which of the following symptoms might a client with right-sided heart failure exhibit?
A. Adequate urine output
B. Polyuria
C. Oliguria
D. Polydipsia
C. Oliguria
Inadequate deactivation of aldosterone by the liver after right-sided heart failure leads to fluid retention, which causes oliguria
Which of the following conditions is the predominant cause of angina?
1. Increased preload
2. Decreased afterload
3. Coronary artery spasm
4. Inadequate oxygen supply to the myocardium
D. Inadequate oxygen supply to the myocardium
Inadequate oxygen supply to the myocardium is responsible for the pain accompanying angina.
A nurse is preparing for the admission of a client with heart failure who is being sent directly to the hospital from the physician’s office. The nurse would plan on having which of the following medications readily available for use?
A. Diltiazem (Cardizem)
B. Digoxin (Lanoxin)
C. Propranolol (Inderal)
D. Metoprolol (Lopressor)
B. Digoxin
Digoxin exerts a positive inotropic effect on the heart while slowing the overall rate through a variety of mechanisms. Digoxin is the medication of choice to treat heart failure.
Which of the following interventions should be the first priority when treating a client experiencing chest pain while walking?
A. Sit the client down
B. Get the client back to bed
C. Obtain an ECG
D. Administer sublingual nitroglycerin
A. Sit the client down
Which of the following conditions is most commonly responsible for myocardial infarction?
A. Aneurysm
B. Heart failure
C. Coronary artery thrombosis
D. Renal failure
C. Coronary artery thrombosis
Which of the following foods should the nurse teach a client with heart failure to avoid or limit when following a 2-gram sodium diet?
A. Apples
B. Tomato juice
C. Whole wheat bread
D. Beef tenderloin
B. Tomato juice
Which of the following terms describes the force against which the ventricle must expel blood?
A. Afterload
B. Cardiac output
C. Overload
D. Preload
A. Afterload
A client with pulmonary edema has been on diuretic therapy. The client has an order for additional furosemide (Lasix) in the amount of 40 mg IV push. Knowing that the client also will be started on Digoxin (Lanoxin), a nurse checks the client’s most recent:
A. Digoxin level
B. Sodium level
C. Potassium level
D. Creatinine level
C. Potassium level
Dig toxicity can occur in the hypokalemic patient
In an assessment for intermittent claudication, the cardiac-vascular nurse assesses for leg pain and cramping with exertion, then asks the patient:
A. "Does shortness of breath accompany the leg pain?"
B. "Does this same type of pain occur without activity?"
C. "Is the leg pain relieved by rest?"
D. "Is the leg pain relieved with elevation?"
C. "Is the leg pain relieved by rest?"
What is the first intervention for a client experiencing MI?
A. Administer morphine
B. Administer oxygen
C. Administer sublingual nitroglycerin
D. Obtain an ECG
B. Administer oxygen
A patient has been diagnosed with Right-Sided Congestive Heart Failure, and is confused about return of deoxygenated blood from the tissue. To clarify the confusion, which chamber of the heart receives blood from systemic circulation?
A. Left atrium
B. Right atrium
C. Right ventricle
D. Left ventricle
B. Right atrium
Hypertension is known as the silent killer. This phrase is associated with the fact that hypertension often goes undetected until symptoms of other system failures occur. This may occur in the form of:
A. Cerebrovascular accident
B. Liver disease
C. Myocardial infarction
D. Pulmonary disease
A. Cerebrovascular accident
Aspirin is administered to the client experiencing an MI because of its:
A. Antipyretic action
B. Antithrombotic action
C. Antiplatelet action
D. Analgesic action
B. Antithrombotic action
Which of the following actions is the appropriate initial response to a client coughing up pink, frothy sputum?
A. Call for help
B. Sit the client upright
C. Start an I.V. line
D. Suction the client
A. Call for help
A client is scheduled for a cardiac catherization using a radiopaque dye. Which of the following assessments is most critical before the procedure?
A. Intake and output
B. Baseline peripheral pulse rates
C. Height and weight
D. Allergy to iodine or shellfish
D. Allergy to iodine or shellfish
Which of the following conditions is most closely associated with weight gain, nausea, and a decrease in urine output?
A. Angina pectoris
B. Cardiomyopathy
C. Left-sided heart failure
D. Right-sided heart failure
D. Right-sided heart failure
Which of the following arteries primarily feeds the anterior wall of the heart?
A. Circumflex artery
B. Internal mammary artery
C. Left anterior descending artery
D. Right coronary artery
C. Left anterior descending artery
The circumflex artery supplies the lateral wall, the internal mammary artery supplies the mammary, and the right coronary artery supplies the inferior wall of the heart.