Blocked but not forgotten
Type of angina is brought on by exertion and relieved by rest or nitroglycerin
Stable angina
Two hallmark signs of left sided heart failure.
What are pulmonary congestion (crackles, dyspnea, orthopnea) and fatigue?
Chest pain that improves when the patient leans forward is a hallmark of this condition.
What is pericarditis?
Pain in the calves relieved by rest is called this classic PAD symptom.
What is intermittent claudication?
A regular rhythm with a rate of 60–100 bpm is called this.
What is normal sinus rhythm?
The four components of the MONA protocol
Morphine, Oxygen, Nitrates, and Aspirin
Which diagnostic lab is most specific for confirming heart failure?
What is BNP (B-type natriuretic peptide)?
Osler’s nodes, Janeway lesions, and Roth spots are associated with this infection.
What is infective endocarditis?
Name the 6 P’s of acute arterial ischemia.
What are pain, pallor, pulselessness, paresthesia, paralysis, and poikilothermia?
Identify the block: PR interval prolonged but consistent.
What is first-degree AV block?
Administer Oxygen
Right-sided HF is most often a result of failure of this side of the heart.
What is left-sided heart failure?
Untreated group A strep throat can lead to this cardiac complication.
What is rheumatic heart disease?
Which non-invasive test uses systolic pressure ratios to diagnose PAD?
What is the ankle-brachial index (ABI)?
This rhythm is rapid, chaotic, with no identifiable P waves and irregular QRS spacing.
What is atrial fibrillation?
The earliest marker of cardiac injury
Myoglobin
Explain how preload and afterload affect cardiac output in HF.
Increased preload causes volume overload; increased afterload makes the heart work harder—both decrease cardiac output.
Compare stenosis vs. regurgitation of cardiac valves.
Stenosis is narrowing of the valve; regurgitation is backflow of blood due to improper valve closure.
Explain the difference in positioning for PAD pain vs. venous insufficiency.
PAD pain improves with legs dependent; venous insufficiency pain improves with leg elevation.
Explain the immediate treatment for pulseless VT or VF.
What is CPR and defibrillation?
Differentiate the difference between unstable angina from stemi based on ecg changes.
Unstable angina has no ST elevations; stemi shows ST elevation in at least 2 leads.
A patient with HF is prescribed digoxin. What nursing action is required before administration, and what are signs of toxicity?
Check apical pulse for 1 minute; signs of toxicity include nausea, vomiting, vision changes, and arrhythmias.
A patient with a prosthetic valve is preparing for dental work. What teaching is essential for infection prevention?
What is prophylactic antibiotics before the procedure?
A patient with a DVT should never receive this common nursing intervention.
What is massage of the affected extremity?
Differentiate atrial flutter from atrial fibrillation on ECG.
Atrial flutter has “saw-tooth” P waves and regular rhythm; atrial fibrillation has irregular rhythm with no distinct P waves.