Cardiac Vocabulary
60-100 beats/min
What is resting heart rate?
Decrease vascular volume and congestion.
What are diuretics? Examples: Amiloride (Midamor), Bumetanide (Bumex), Furosemide (Lasix)
Cardiac-related chest pain due to ischemia.
What is Angina?
Shoveling 10 times/min; Running (5.5 mph), bicycling (13 mph), ski touring (4mph), squash, handball, fencing, basketball, swimming, skipping rope.
What are 8-9 METs?
1-1.5 METs, Arms supported for meals and ADLs, bed exercises with dangle with feet supported, patient education, and limited room ambulation
What is Level 1?
12-20 breaths/min
What is respiratory rate?
Inhibits the action of HMG CoA reductase, thereby reducing the synthesis of cholerterol/
What are Statins? Example: Atorvastatin (Lipitor), Rosuvastatin (Crestor)
BP values greater than 140/90 mm Hg.
What is Hypertension?
Digging garden, shoveling light earth, Walking (4mph), bicycling (10mph), canoeing (4mph), horseback riding, stream fishing (walking in light current in waders, ice or roller skating (9mph)
What are 5-6 METs?
4-5 METs; progressive hall ambulation as tolerated; full flight of stairs, up and down, one step at a time.
What is level 6?
A low SV reduces the blood volume perfused to the periphery. This stimulates the pressoreceptors, which sense a decreased volume > relays a message to the kidneys to retain fluid > fluid retention increases hydrostatic pressure in the peripheral vasculature; weight gain of greater than 3lbs in 24 hours or 5 lbs in a week signifies worsening.
What is peripheral edema?
Decrease the production of angiotensin II, which helps decrease vascular vasoconstriction. Decrease sodium retention in the kidney.
What are ACE inhibitors? Benazepril (Lotensin), Captopril (Capoten), Enalapril (Vasotec)
Characterized by impaired cardiac pump function, resulting in inadequate systemic perfusion and an inability to meet the body's metabolic demands.
What is heart failure?
Auto repair, janitorial work, bartending, riding lawnmower, level walking (2mph), level bicycling (5mph), billiards, bowling, skeet shooting, golfing with power cart.
What are 2-3 METs?
2.5-3METs, Hall ambulation for 5-7 minutes as tolerated 3-4 times per day, standing trunk exercises.
What is Level 4?
Backup of fluid into the venous vasculature; the patient is placed in a 45-degree semirecumbent position, the patient's head is turned away from the side, and observe for distention or pulsations.
What is jugular venous distension?
Decreases sympathetic activity, thereby reducing heart rate, blood pressure, myocardial oxygen demands, and controlling tachydysrhythmias.
What are Beta-Andrenergic Blocking Agents? Examples: Acebutolol (Sectral), Atenolol (Tenormin), Betaxolol (Kerlone)
Stenosis or regurgitation, caused by structural changes to the chamber behind the valve, resulting in cardiac muscle dysfunction and failure.
What are valve abnormalities?
Brick laying, plastering, wheelbarrow (100 lbs), cleaning windows, vacuuming, pushing a light power mower, walking (3mph), bicycling (6mph), golfing (pulling bag cart), archery, sailing, fly fishing.
What are 3-4 METs?
2-2.5 METs; room or hall ambulation up to 5 minutes as tolerated, 3-4 times per day; standing leg exercises; sit on side os bed or in bathroom to wash.
What is level 3?
Shortness of breath that increases in the recumbent position; patients with heart failure require increased numbers of pillows to sleep at night to avoid symptoms.
What is orthopnea?
Blocks the inward movement of calcium into the heart and vascular smooth muscle cells, thereby reducing blood pressure, myocardial oxygen demands, and controlling tachydysrhythmais.
What are Calcium Channel Blockers? Examples: Amiodipine (Norvasc Lotrel), (Bepridil (Vascor), Diltazem (Cardizem, Tiazac)
Acute injury to myocardial tissue damages ventricular contractility, causing systolic dysfunction. Scar formation seen in infarcted tissue alters relaxation and may lead to diastolic dysfunction.
What is coronary artery disease?
Digging ditches, carrying 80 lbs, sawing hardwood, Jogging (5mph), bicycling (12mph), horseback riding, vigorous downhill skiing, basketball, mountain climbing, ice hockey, canoeing, touch football, paddleball.
What are 7-8 METs?
3-4 METs; hall ambulation for 8-10 minutes as tolerated; arm exercises; standing shower
What is Level 5?