Cardio Basics
Amount of blood pumped by each ventricle in one minute to adequately supply the tissues of the body with oxygenated blood.
What is cardiac output?
Decreases myocardial contractility & O2 consumption.
What is beta blockers?
PR Interval
What is 0.12-0.20?
Name 3 etiologies of sinus tachycardia
What is.. infection, pain, PE, hypovolemia, etc..
Irregular rhythm, ventricular rate >100, fibrillatory waves, no discernible P waves.
What is uncontrolled atrial fibrillation
Volume of blood in the ventricles at the end of diastole
What is preload?
reduces preload and increases urine output.
What is diuretic?
0.36-0.44
QT interval.
Name minimum 5 roles during a code blue.
What is...
Leader
RT/ airway
Documenter
Defibrillator
IV/med nurse
Compressors
Cart manager
Runner
atrial rate regular, ventricular rate regular (usually), P wave saw tooth pattern.
Atrial flutter
Resistance left ventricle must overcome to circulate blood.
What is afterload?
Increases afterload causing vasoconstriction.
What is vasopressors (i.e. phenylephrine)
0.06-0.12
What is QRS?
Interventions for unstable (impaired CO) atrial fibrillation.
What is cardioversion?
Higher risk of stroke in afib/flutter if rhythm ongoing > 48 hours and patient not anticoagulated.
Hence, anticoagulated for 3 weeks prior and 4 weeks post cardioversion OR heparin à TEE à if no clot à cardiovert à anticoagulation 4 weeks post
Long term rate control with beta or calcium channel blocker.
heart has electrical activity, but your heart muscle isn’t reacting to it. That means blood isn’t moving at all and you don’t have a pulse.
What is PEA?
3 interventions to increase preload.
What is blood transfusion, fluid resuscitation, Sympathetic nervous system stimulation, positioning (Elevating legs or reclining can increase venous return and preload)
IV medication used to treat atrial and ventricular arrhythmias
What is amiodarone (antiarrhythmic)
Identify the three major physiological pacemakers of the heart and their respective intrinsic rates.
What is:
1)SA Node: 60-100 beats per minute (bpm)
2)AV Junction (AV Node & non-branching portion of the bundle of His): 40-60 bpm
3)Purkinje Fibers in the Ventricles: 20-40 bpm
How many premature ventricular contractions are considered ventricular tachycardia?
3 or more in a row
Sinus rhythm with PRI >0.20
First degree heart block
How to assess cardiac output?
Resp: SOB? increased o2? pulmonary edema?
Cardio: Skin perfusion, blood pressure, HR, CP?
Neuro: LOC? neuro changes?
Too quick of a titration of phenylephrine can cause...
What is reflex bradycardia?
an increase in the ventricular repolarization/depolarization and a longer relative refractory period where a strong stimulu could trigger an action potential
prolonged QT
Causes:
Medications: antibiotics. Antiarrhthmias, antidepressants and physchotics
Lyte abnormalities
Cardiac structure and function
During a code, name some reversible causes the team may brainstorm. Hint- 5 H's & 5 T's. Name 3.
What is... hypovolemia, hypoxia, hydrogen ion excess (acidosis), hypo/hyperkalemia, hypothermia.
Tamponade (cardiac), Toxins, Tension pneumo, thrombosis (pulmonary), Thrombosis (coronary)
no conduction happening between the atria and the ventricles – it is completely blocked and different cardiac pacemakers are controlling the atria and the ventricles!
Third degree heart block