Anatomy
How many chambers and valves does the heart contain?
4 chambers, 4 valves (Tricuspid, Pulmonary Valve, Bicuspid, Aortic Valve)
Which chamber of the heart has the thickest walls?
Left ventricle
The dosage of ASA for a pt that is on a regiment.
162 mg
What is the most common cause of Cardiac arrest in adult populations.
Cardiac arrhythmia
What cardiac rhythms are shock-able?
Vtach and VFib.
Name the vessels from Largest to Smallest, then Smallest to Largest. (out of the heart and back)
Aorta -> Arteries -> Arterioles -> Capillary Beds -> Venules -> Veins -> Superior and inferior Vena Cava
What is the most detrimental effect that tachycardia can have on a patient with cardiac compromise?
Increase O2 demand
In cardiac patient what is the target with O2 therapy?
94-99%
Defining difference between AMI and Angina
Pain in angina is alleviated with rest
What are the Signs that you expect from a patient that suffering from CHF.
Orthopnea, Chest discomfort, HTN, Dependent edema, rales in the lungs.
Come to the Board and draw/show the path of blood through the heart and lungs.
....
Electrical pathway in the heart
SA node, Internodal pathways, AV node, Bundle of His, Left and Right bundle branches, Left posterior and anterior fascicle, purkinje fibers.
what is the action of ASA?
Platelet deaggregate.
You patient has undergone a Percutaneous Transluminal Coronary Angioplasty over 2 years ago, how does this change our treatment for the patient's chest pain?
It doesnt. We treat this patient the same.
A disorder in which calcium and cholesterol build up and form a plaque inside the walls of blood vessels
Atherosclerosis
What are the 4 parts of blood and what are their functions?
❖ Red blood cells: are the most numerous and give the blood its color. Bright red when oxygenated and darker red when low on oxygen. Carry oxygen to the bosy’s tissues and remove carbon dioxide
❖ White blood cells: Help fight infection
❖ Platelets: help the blood to clot
❖ Plasma: the fluid in which the cells float. It is a mixture of water, salts, nutrients, and proteins
Stimulus of which part of the autonomic nervous system increases heart rate?
autonomic nervous system, Sympathetic
Most common side effect from nitro administration is what? and What are the contraindications of Nitroglycerin?
Headache
• Systolic BP less than 100 mmHg
• Head injury
• Use of erectile dysfunction drugs within 24 hours
• Maximum prescribed dose has been given
You have a 56M with a history of cardiac arrhythmia his medication list includes Metoprolol, Nitroglycerin, ASA, and Eliquis. His wife stated that he had no complaints prior to suddenly going unresponsive. You should suspect.
CVA
You find a 75-year-old male lying supine on the floor, who is unresponsive to verbal stimuli but moans and withdraws to painful stimuli. Bystanders state he suddenly collapsed while eating, and his left arm dropped a moment before he fell. Your initial assessment reveals gurgling sounds and shallow, slow respirations. He has a BP of 190/110 mmHg, P 60 strong and irregular, and SpO2 is 88% on room air.
What is the MOST appropriate immediate treatment sequence for this patient?
Roll the patient onto his side, suction the oropharynx to clear the airway, insert an NPA, and begin assisting ventilations with a BVM attached to high-flow oxygen.
What is an LVAD? how do we assess an LVAD's function?
Left ventricular assist device, We can assess this by listening over the patients heart listening for a hum of the pump.
Your pt is expirencing syncope, dizziness, or weakness due to an excessively slow heart rate. Your pt has a hard lump on thier upper left chest. you should suspect?
Pacemaker malfunction
What is the classification and action of of Nitroglycerin?
Classification: Vasodilator
Action: Dilates veins and arteries in the peripheral circulation
What are the 6 links in the chain of survival?
What is ROSC? and what is the treatment plan?
• Monitor for spontaneous respirations
• Provide oxygen via bag-mask device at 10 breaths/min
• Maintain an oxygen saturation between 95% and 99%
• Assess the patient’s blood pressure
• See if the patient can follow simple commands
• If ALS is not on scene or en route, immediately begin transport to the closest appropriate hospital depending on local protocol