Anatomy & Physiology
This heart chamber generates the pressure required to perfuse the coronary arteries during diastole.
What is the left ventricle?
This lipid particle is the primary contributor to fatty streak formation in atherosclerosis.
What is LDL?
This medication class decreases preload and myocardial oxygen demand via nitric oxide.
What are nitrates?
This medication must be held before IV contrast administration to prevent lactic acidosis.
What is metformin?
This lab is the most sensitive and specific marker of myocardial injury.
What is troponin?
These arteries receive the majority of their blood flow during ventricular relaxation rather than contraction.
What are the coronary arteries?
Angina caused by coronary vasospasm rather than plaque rupture falls into this category.
What is Prinzmetal (variant) angina?
These drugs reduce heart rate and contractility by blocking sympathetic stimulation.
What are beta-blockers?
Patients should call 911 if chest pain persists after this many nitroglycerin doses.
What is one dose?
This hormone is released in response to ventricular stretch in heart failure.
What is BNP?
This structure prevents oxygenated and deoxygenated blood from mixing and can be atrial or ventricular.
What is the septum?
Plaque rupture with partial vessel occlusion most commonly leads to this ACS subtype.
What is NSTEMI?
Combining nitrates with this medication class can cause life-threatening hypotension.
What are PDE-5 inhibitors?
This complication may occur if beta-blockers are abruptly discontinued.
What is rebound hypertension?
This diagnostic test evaluates ejection fraction and valve function in real time.
What is echocardiography?
A decrease in this measurement directly leads to reduced tissue perfusion and pulmonary congestion.
What is ejection fraction?
Prolonged ischemia results in irreversible myocardial damage known as this.
What is infarction (necrosis)?
This calcium channel blocker subtype primarily affects the SA and AV nodes.
What are non-dihydropyridine CCBs?
This vessel is commonly used as a graft during CABG surgery.
What is the saphenous vein or internal mammary artery?
Elevated levels of this lab may rule out MI but cannot diagnose it.
What is myoglobin?
This phase of the cardiac cycle allows the coronary arteries to receive the majority of their blood flow.
What is diastole?
This change in a coronary artery most directly reduces myocardial oxygen supply and causes angina.
What is arterial narrowing from atherosclerosis?
This medication dissolves fibrin clots by converting plasminogen into plasmin and is used in acute STEMI when PCI is not immediately available.
What is tissue plasminogen activator (tPA)?
Which nursing action is most appropriate when a patient with suspected acute coronary syndrome arrives in the emergency department?
What is obtaining a 12-lead ECG as soon as possible?
This lab value rises with systemic inflammation and is non-specific to myocardial damage.
What is C-reactive protein (CRP)?