cardiac physiology
This refers to the amount of blood in the ventricle at the end of diastole.
preload
Gold standard lab for myocardial infarction.
What is troponin?
Stable angina is relieved by this.
What is rest or nitroglycerin?
Left-sided heart failure causes these lung findings.
What are crackles, dyspnea, pulmonary edema?
Stage 1 hypertension begins at this systolic pressure.
What is 130 mmHg?
This is the resistance the left ventricle must overcome to eject blood.
afterload
Elevated levels of this indicate heart failure.
Door-to-balloon time should be less than this.
What is 90 minutes?
Right-sided heart failure causes these systemic findings.
What are edema, JVD, hepatomegaly?
Primary hypertension means this.
What is no identifiable cause?
Normal ejection fraction range.
What is 55–70%?
ST elevation on ECG indicates this emergency.
what is stemi
MONA stands for…
What are Morphine, Oxygen, Nitroglycerin, Aspirin?
Why are daily weights essential in HF?
What is early detection of fluid retention?
Beta-blockers lower blood pressure by doing this.
What is decreasing heart rate and contractility?
Three signs of decreased cardiac output.
What are hypotension, tachycardia, decreased urine output, cool/clammy skin?
This test evaluates the electrical activity of the heart.
What is an ECG (EKG)?
Women often present with these atypical MI symptoms.
What are nausea, fatigue, jaw pain, back pain?
This medication class reduces preload and fluid overload.
diuretics
This medication should not be taken with erectile dysfunction drugs.
What is nitroglycerin?
This heart sound is associated with fluid overload and heart failure.
s3
LDL goal for cardiac patients.
What is less than 100 mg/dL?
Priority action for chest pain unrelieved by nitroglycerin.
What is activate rapid response / notify provider immediately?
Key teaching for ACE inhibitors.
What is monitor BP and watch for cough/hyperkalemia?
Three lifestyle modifications for hypertension.
What are low sodium diet, exercise, weight loss, smoking cessation?